Journal of ROL Sport Sciences

Investigation of the relationship between the digital game addiction awareness and leisure time satisfaction levels of the students of the faculty of sports sciences

Hasan Guler — 2023-03-20

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the awareness of digital game addiction and leisure satisfaction levels of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences. In the study conducted according to the general screening model, the relational screening model was used. As a data collection tool in the research; The “Personal Information Form” was developed by Beard and Ragheb by Karlı et al. adapted into Turkish by the Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale and the “Digital Game Addiction Awareness Scale” developed by Demir and Cicioğlu. The research group consisted of 767 students studying at Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Balıkesir University and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Sport Sciences in the 2022-2023 academic year. As a result of the research, there was a significant difference between the sub-dimensions of digital game addiction awareness of the participants and the gender variable, between the sub-dimensions of digital game addiction awareness and the grade level variable, between the relaxation sub-dimension of leisure satisfaction and the variable of daily digital game playing time, and the sub-dimensions of digital game addiction awareness. It was found that there was a significant difference between the variable of daily digital game playing time. As a result, it was concluded that there is a significant and positive relationship between the digital game addiction awareness levels of the participants and their leisure time satisfaction levels.

Time-motion analysis of the 2022 Manchester Taekwondo Grand Prix

Ferhat Guder — 2023-03-20

The aims of this study were to examine the physiological demands of male and female athletes in the Manchester 2022 Taekwondo Grand Prix by time-motion analysis method. A total of 195 competitions, 92 women and 103 men, were analyzed. All Olympic weights participating in the tournament (women: 49kg, 57kg, 67kg and +67kg; men: 58kg, 68kg, 80kg and +80kg) were analyzed. Kinovea video analysis program was used for time-motion analysis. Conclusion: Significant differences were found between the Fighting Time (FT), Non-Fighting Time (NFT), and Pause Time (PT) Gender and weight categories. In addition, significant differences in FT were found between rounds in females. The results show that there are significant differences in FT according to gender and weight (p<0.05). In general, women have more FT than men. In addition, both genders of light weights have higher FT than heavyweights (p<0.05). These findings show that the physiological demands of both sexes vary according to weight. Trainers should know that weight categories have different physiological demands while preparing athletes for competitions and should design their programs to meet these demands.

Academic satisfaction affects the attitude towards the profession: A study on physical education and sports teacher candidates

Berat Kocyigit — 2023-03-20

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of academic satisfaction on attitudes towards the profession. The universe of the research consists of candidate teachers who study in the faculties of sports sciences or physical education and sports departments of physical education and sports colleges in state universities in the Mediterranean region. The sample group consisted of 197 people randomly selected from this universe. Personal information form developed by the researchers, academic satisfaction and attitude scales towards the profession scales were used as data collection tools. The analysis of the data was made in computer environment by using a package program called IBM SPSS 22.0 (Statistics for Windows Version). Arithmetic averages of the scores they obtained from the scales of academic satisfaction and attitude towards the teaching profession are presented. Pearson correlation was used to reveal the relationship between continuous variables in the study, and regression analysis was used to look at the effect values. As a result, it was determined that physical education and sports teacher candidates' academic satisfaction and attitude towards the profession levels were moderate. In addition, while a moderately positive and significant relationship was found between prospective teachers' academic satisfaction and attitude towards the profession scores, it was found that the model that was created predicted it. This is thought to be due to the quality of the education received by physical education and sports teacher candidates during their education years and their fondness for their professions.

Role of female handball athletes' perfectionism and achievement goals in determining the moral disengagement

Ferhat Cifci — 2023-03-20

In order to prevent the emergence of undesirable attitudes and behaviors of the participants in the field of sports, it is important to determine the antecedents of moral disengagement. In this context, the purpose of the research is to determine the possible role of female handball athletes' perfectionist tendencies and achievement goals in their moral disengagement. Relational screening model was used in the research. 134 female handball players ( _age=20.72±4.10) participated in the study. Data were collected using the Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale, the 2x2 Achievement Goals in Sports Inventory, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale for Athletes. Multiple linear regression analysis and pearson correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Research findings revealed that female handball athletes' moral disengagement scores ( =4.58±1.35) were close to the middle level. There was no significant relationship between moral disengagement scores and mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, performance avoidance, excessive concern with mistakes, perceived family pressure and personal standards dimensions. In addition, it was found that achievement goals and perfectionist tendencies were not effective in predicting female handball players' moral disengagement. The results of the research revealed that the achievement goals and perfectionist tendencies of female handball players did not play an important role in their moral disengagement.

Spectators’ perceptions regarding the security measures taken in soccer stadiums

Ali Eraslan — 2023-03-20

The aim of this study was to examine the spectators’ perceptions regarding the security measures taken in soccer stadiums. The unrelated question model, which is one of the quantitative methods, was used in the research. The research group consists of 474 soccer spectators selected. The data were obtained from the spectators of professional soccer clubs in the first league in the 2021-2022 season in Ankara, Turkey. This study was designed as a general survey research, one of the quantitative research methods. According to the data obtained from the research, perceptions of security measures in stadiums differ according to gender, age, education level and how the spectators define themselves as a spectator. As a result, it is seen that the highest score belongs to the "perception that violence can be prevented by the security forces" sub-dimension, and the lowest score belongs to the "perception of controls at entrance to stadium" sub-dimension according to the spectators' perceptions of stadium security. Especially, women spectators find the security measures in the stadiums sufficient, but they think that the security forces cannot manage it in any violent event that may occur. In addition, it is seen that the participants with a high level of education and who define themselves as “very good spectators” have higher perceptions of the security measures in the stadiums.

An investigation into athlete identity and contentment with life from the perspective of sports high school students

Omer Faruk Yazici — 2023-03-20

This study aims to determine athlete identities and life satisfaction levels of students in sports high schools in Turkey, to reveal the relationships between and to examine them based on certain variables. The sample consists of a total of 2734 students, of which 2008 (73.4%) male and 726 (26.6%) female, continuing their education and training activities in sports high schools in 2020-2021 academic year in Turkey. Introductory Characteristics Form, “Athletic Identity Measurement Scale” (AIMS) and “Contentment with Life Assessment Scale (CLAS)” were used to collect data. The data were tested using SPSS 25 statistical program. The research results showed sports high school students had an athlete identity and life satisfaction above medium level. Students' athletic identities showed a statistically significant difference according to gender, age, affiliation to a club, years of practicing and weekly training frequency. It has been determined that students' life satisfaction differs significantly according to gender, age and weekly training frequency. It was concluded that there is a moderately positive (r=0.42) relationship between athlete identity and life satisfaction. Another important result is athlete identity is 17% effective in predicting life satisfaction.

Activity and managerial leadership orientations of recreation and sport management students

Cisem Unlu — 2023-03-20

The aim of this study is to examine the leadership orientations of the students of the recreation and sports management department. The universe of the research consists of students studying in the sports management and recreation department. The number of students included in the scope of the research is 400, 261 from the sports management department and 139 from the recreation department. The sample of the study was selected by convenience sampling method. In the study, the "Personal Information Form" and the Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale (MLAS) prepared by the researchers were used. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation), in statistical analysis since the data do not show normal distribution; Mann Whitney-U tests were used for pairwise comparisons and Kruskal Wallis-H tests were used for more than two comparisons. As a result of the analyzes made; No significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of leadership orientations according to age and class variables (p>0.05). Structural leadership in the gender variable; in the sub-dimension of political leadership in department and leadership attainment variables; political and structural in the variable of doing sports; In the variable of leadership in the organization, it was determined that there were significant differences in the political and charismatic leadership sub-dimensions (p<0.05). In the study, it is seen that the students' human-based leadership orientations are the highest in terms of leadership orientations. However, it was determined that there were significant differences in the political leadership sub-dimension the most. In conclusion, the higher political leadership orientation of the students may be due to their better use of their ability to understand the participants effectively in order to overcome the differences of opinion in the organizations they lead.

The effect of professionalism on team athletes' tendency of violence

Aydiner Birsin Yildiz — 2023-03-20

Today, professionalization is mandatory for sports, like all fields. However, it is claimed that ethical problems increase for professional sports that take place in different environments compared to recreational sports. For this reason, it becomes important to examine the possible effects of the professionalization of sports on the ethical values of sports and athletes. In this context, the aim of the research is to examine the effect of professionalism on the tendency to violence in team athletes. The data used in the research were obtained from 254 (100 female, 154 male) team athletes who formed the study group on a voluntary basis based on easily accessible sampling method. The data used in this descriptive study, which was conducted in the screening model, were obtained through the “Professionalism Scale for Athletes” and the “Scale of Violence in Team Sports”. According to the results obtained, it was determined that athlete professionalism and violence tendencies were negatively related, and athlete professionalism predicted emotional, physical, and verbal violence tendencies negatively. In line with this result, it can be commented that the increased perception of athlete professionalism and the tendency to emotional, physical, and verbal violence can be reduced.

The effect of functional training applied to soccer players on anaerobic performance

Sadettin Erol — 2023-03-20

Functional movements are a crucial factor for improving athletic competence. In order to sustain activities in daily life and athletic performance, it is vital that the movements performed are economically and health-safe in terms of energy consumption. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of functional training on anaerobic performance in soccer players. A total of 22 healthy male volunteer soccer playing in the U-19 category of a professional soccer players (age, 18.29 ± 0.52 years; height, 175.18 ± 3.12 cm; body weight, 68.84 ± 2.44 kg) participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into the training group (N=11) and control group (N=11). In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, dependent sample t-test (paired sample t test) for intragroup comparisons and ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for comparisons between groups. Effect sizes were determined using Cohen's d. There were significant increases in intra-group comparisons in all scores in training group. While a significant difference was found only in vertical jump performance in control group, do not found in other parameters. It has been determined that functional training improves anaerobic performance in athletes. It is recommended that trainers include more functional training in their training programs for the optimal performance of their athletes.

The effects of acute exercise applied to the lower extremity with blood flow restriction on perceived exertion, blood lactate level and cardiovascular responses

Seda Yalcin — 2023-03-20

This study, it was aimed to compare the effects of acute squat exercise applied to the lower extremities with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on post-exercise cardiovascular responses, blood lactate level and perceived exercise intensity. The study consisted of 30 (age 19.83±1.31 years) healthy young male participants. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental (BFR+ resistance exercise) and a control (only performing resistance exercise). In 90% of their 1 Repeat maximum (RM)’s, they performed the squat exercise for a total of six sets, with two repetitions in each set and a 3-minute rest interval between sets. Blood lactate values, blood pressure and perceived exertion degrees of the groups were taken before and after exercise. Repeated measures analysis of variance (Repeated Measures ANOVA) and independent sample t-test were used to analyze the data. In statistical analysis, the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. According to the research results, significant differences were obtained in favor of the resistance exercise group applied with blood flow restriction in the blood pressure, lactate and perceived difficulty levels of the exercise. Using the BFR method in some selected exercises can be recommended as a complementary program to the traditional method.

Investigation of the effects of fans' club image perceptions and fan group membership status on sports consumption behaviors

Sercan Kural — 2023-03-20

This research was carried out to examine how Ankaragücü and Gençlerbirliği fans' perceptions of club image and being a member of a fan group affect their sports consumer behavior. This quantitative investigation employed the correlational research model in accordance with the general purpose of the research. The study group of the research consists of 193 participants, 122 of which are Ankaragücü fans and 71 Gençlerbirliği fans. Convenience sampling, one of the non-probabilistic sampling methods, was used as a sampling method. Further, a scale form that comprised three parts was used as the data collection tool. The first part of the scale form was the “Personal Information Form,” the second part comprised the “Sports Consumption Behaviors Scale,” and the third part involved the “Club Image Scale.” A regression analysis was used for a statistical evaluation. The results established that being part of a fans’ group have significant positive effects on the “intention to attend matches” and “media consumption intention” as well as on components of sports consumption behaviour but did not have a significant effect on the “intention to consume licensed products.” In addition, the present study found that club image did not have a significant effect on sports consumption behaviors. It can be said that being a member of a fan group influences on both the intention to attend the matches and the media consumption intention.

The effects of cooperative learning model on attitudes towards physical education and self-efficacy

Serhat Turan — 2023-03-20

This study was carried out because the effect of cooperative learning on attitudes and self-efficacy towards physical education and sports was not discussed in the literature and the effects of the model could not be fully elucidated. A total of 48 students, 24 male and 24 female, studying in the 7th grade of secondary school participated in the study. The study was carried out according to the pretest-posttest control group experimental design. Lessons were given to 24 students in the experimental group on the jigsaw technique of the cooperative learning model for 8 weeks. In the control group, the direct instruction model is used. In the study, in order to determine the attitude and self-efficacy towards physical education, the “Scale of Aptitude to Physical Education” is applied to the students before and after the 8-week education. In the study, data are obtained with “Independent t test” and “paired sample t test”. While there is no important difference between the groups at the beginning of the study, important differences are found in the attitude and self-efficacy scores in favor of the experimental group as a result of the trainings. As a result of the study findings, with the jigsaw technique, students' commitment to physical education increases and their beliefs about their skills are strengthened. The study reveals important results as it fills a gap in terms of literature and illuminates the effects of the cooperative learning model from different angles.

The effect of core training on physical performance in amateur footballers

Serkan Pancar — 2023-03-20

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of core training on physical performance in amateur footballers. The study consisted of the experimental (core group, mean age: 20.15±1.46 years, N=20) and control group (age=mean age: 19.70±1.45 years, N=20). The experimental group trained for 6 weeks, 3 sessions a week. While the core group did core training added to soccer training, the control group only did soccer training. With the pretest-posttest model, Body mass index (BMI), vertical jump (VJ), standing long jump, 5m-10m speed, Y-balance, and Pro-agility tests were measured. SPSS v 26,0 software was used for data analysis. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation analyzes were used for descriptive values, and the percentage of change between the groups' pre-test and post-tests was calculated to compare the performances, and comparisons were made with the independent group T-test. While there was no significant difference in VJ and agility performances between the groups (p>0.05), BMI, standing long jump, 5m-10m sprint, and Y-balance tests showed significant improvement in the core group compared to the control group. (p<0,05). It can be said that core training added to football training improves balance, standing long jump, and 5m-10m sprint performance, and increases physical performance in athletes.

The effect of attitudes towards healthy eating and cognitive flexibility on life satisfaction of individuals aged 60 and over who exercise regularly

Seniz Karagoz — 2023-03-20

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of healthy eating attitudes and cognitive flexibility status of individuals aged 60 and over who regularly exercise on life satisfaction. 139 (age=65.32±5.81) healthy volunteers aged 60 and over who regularly exercise participated in the study. “Attitude Scale Towards Healthy Eating”, “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale” were applied to the participants. In the analysis of the data, besides descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyzes were used. According to the results of the analysis, there was a negative moderate significant relationship between the attitudes towards healthy eating and life satisfaction of the elderly individuals who regularly exercise (r= -0.443, r=-0.489 p<0.01) in the sub-dimensions of feeling towards nutrition and malnutrition. It was determined that there was a positive low-level significant relationship in the sub-dimension (r= 0.313, p<0.01) and it was effective on life satisfaction (β=0.32, p<0.01). In addition, a positive and moderately significant relationship was found between the cognitive flexibility levels and life satisfaction of elderly individuals who regularly exercise (r=0.401, p<0.01), and it was determined that cognitive flexibility states were effective on life satisfaction (β=0.35, p<0.01). It was concluded that the participants' cognitive flexibility and attitudes toward healthy eating had an effect on life satisfaction. In this context, it is possible to support the “healthy-successful aging” policy by targeting individuals over the age of 60 to gain and maintain regular exercise habits, protect their cognitive flexibility, and increase their healthy eating attitudes.

Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on speed, vertical jump, balance and leg strength in young male futsal players

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman — 2023-03-20

Preferring the most efficient warm-up programs before training or competition is critical for performance. This study aims to determine the acute effects of FIFA 11+, dynamic and static warm-up protocols on speed, vertical jump, balance, and leg strength in young male futsal players. Thirteen teenage male futsal players (age: 16.39±0.51 years) competing in the youth category of school sports in the province of Muş volunteered for the study. Experimental research design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. The experiment was planned to take place over three days, with the same athletes receiving a different warm-up protocol each day. Data were collected by administering 20-meter speed, vertical jump, flamingo balance, and leg strength tests to young futsal players following various warm-up protocols. The SPSS package program was used in the statistical analysis of the data. First, the normality of the data was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Next, repeated Measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni test, one of the post hoc tests, were used to analyze normally distributed data. Finally, the Friedman and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests with Bonferroni correction were employed to analyze data that did not show a normal distribution. According to the research findings, a significant difference was identified between the warm-up protocols in the 20 m speed, vertical jump, and leg strength tests (p<0.05). However, at the same time, there was no significant difference in the balance test (p>0.05). As a result, it can be asserted that the FIFA 11+ warm-up protocol applied to young male futsal players produces positive speed and vertical jump results. In contrast, the static warm-up protocol creates positive results in leg strength.

The 2020 Tokyo summer olympic games badminton women: Notational analysis

Burak Cenan — 2023-03-20

The purpose of the study is to analyze which shots athletes competing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics used more frequently, in which shots they scored and lost, and what course the game times and the idle game times between rallies followed. In the study, 8 matches played in the quarter-final, semi-final, and final competitions in the women's single category in the Tokyo Olympic Games were analyzed. Each match was analyzed by two coders, with consistency provided between video analysts. The coding shot types were analyzed as short serve, high serve, lop-lift, net drop, net kill, defensive, drive, smash, clear, and drop shots, and the times of the matches played in the competition were also examined. Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and percentage values were used in interpreting the acquired data. As a result of the study, it was observed that women made lop shots the most, while the shot with the highest percentage of points won was the smash shot, and the shot with the most points lost was the lop-lift shot. Whereas the mean rally time in the games was 12,28±9,23 sec, it was found that athletes 666mad666e an average of 12,19±8,6647664785 shots during this time and rested for 26±13,71 sec after the shot. While longer rest interval times were observed in the women's badminton in the Tokyo Summer Olympics, the intensity of the shot frequency was found to increase.

Examination of empathy, self-esteem and aggression levels of Turkish National Team Boxers in terms of certain variables

Vahit Ciris — 2023-03-20

Empathy is an important competence for athletes both to achieve success and to build a relationship with their competitors based on tolerance. Empathy is a skill that helps to understand others’ emotional reactions and facilitates establishing an effective relationship with them, and it requires the ability to look into a subject from a perspective different from one’s own by stripping off self-centeredness and through the perspective of others. The aim of the study is to examine the empathy, self-esteem and aggression levels of Turkish national team boxers in terms of certain variables. The study was conducted with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of the athletes of the Turkish National Boxing team, and it was conducted with the participation of 62 athletes who were selected through convenience sampling method and who agreed to participate in the study between July-August 2021. A statistically significant difference was determined between male and female athletes’ aggression levels. No significant difference was found between empathy, self-esteem, and aggression levels in terms of training duration. According to the results of the variance analysis, no statistically significant difference was determined between empathy, self-esteem, and aggression levels in terms of economic status.

Investigation of factors affecting talent development in individuals who get sportive education

Yunus Berk — 2023-03-20

This study was conducted to examine the factors that affect the ability development of individuals in the stage of sportive development. The population of the study consists of athletes between the ages of 13-18, continuing their active sports life and working with a trainer for at least one year. A total of 746 athletes, 554 men and 192 women, participated in the study. The “Sports Talent Development Environment Scale” was used to evaluate the factors affecting the talent development environment. As a result of the data obtained in the study, it has been determined that there are differences in the skill development attitudes of the athletes with different training frequency, the athletes in different branches and the duration of the branch. However, it was observed that there was no significant difference in ability development attitudes according to gender, daily training hours and age groups. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that those who train 1-2 days a week feel more positive about talent development than those who train 3-4 days a week, and that the impact of individuals in different branches on talent development can make a difference.

Process assessment of fencing coaches and referees within the scope of the covid-19 normalization steps

Yusuf Barsbuga — 2023-03-20

The objective of this study is to measure and construe the opinions of the coaches and referees who are actively participating in fencing competitions in our country and who are licensed by the Turkish Fencing Federation (TFF) for the year of 2020, regarding the organizations to be planned and the issues to be paid attention, within the scope of the Covid-19 normalization steps. An online data collection form was used as a data collection tool in this study, which was structured through the qualitative research method. In the analysis process of the data obtained, the data analysis program called MAXQDA was used. While closed-ended questions were summarized by indicating percentages, the content analysis method was used in the process of analyzing open-ended question and answer reports. The data obtained were visualized with the help of frequency tables and code maps. Finally, some of the opinions of the participants, which were coded, were directly conveyed by interpreting the findings obtained through the tables and code maps. It was determined as a result of the study that the Covid-19 pandemic that poses impacts on the entire world affects the attitudes of fencing coaches and referees to participate in organizations. In the activities planned to be organized, the sub-codes like attending without an audience, open-air competitions, provision of spaciousness and ventilation means in the selection of a competition hall, and risk approval notification are classified.

Turkish validity and reliability study of the flow experience scale in video games

Mert Erkan — 2023-03-20

The purpose of the present study was to adapt the “Scale of Flow Experience in Video Games” to Turkish language and culture. The “Scale of Flow Experience in Video Games”, which can reveal a lot of data such as identifying customer potential and revealing the interests of individuals by providing detailed information about those who are exposed to a video game as service providers, viewers or participants in the video game industry, and offers the opportunity to segment the extent to which video game players are affected by video games and to which extent they continue to play games depending on which effects. Since there is no measurement tool that can evaluate the flow levels of video game players in Turkish, we believe that this study will contribute to the literature. The research population consisted of a total of 334 individuals selected by convenience sampling method in the city of Eskişehir. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct of the scale. As a result of the analysis, we found that the scale was above the values given in the literature for fit and showed good fit. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was tested. The Cronbach’s Alpha (0.969) internal consistency coefficient for the reliability of the scale consisting of 9 dimensions and 28 items was above the threshold given in the literature. Based on the findings, we determined that the “Scale of Flow Experience in Video Games” is a valid and reliable measurement tool. Therefore, it was concluded that the measurement tool, which shows the necessary psychometric properties for Turkish language and culture, can be used for activity participants in Turkey.

Investigation of the relationship between perceived stress, resilience and quality of life in football players (The example of Muğla super amateur league)

Sabri Can Metin — 2023-03-20

This research was conducted to compare football players’ perceived stress, psychological resilience and quality of life levels with various variables. The universe of the research consists of 624 individuals playing football in the super amateur league in Muğla, according to TFF (2023) data. The study group of the research was composed of 165 football players selected according to the convenience sampling (convenient sampling) method. Participants answered the " Perceived Stress Scale " (PSS) and the "Brief Resilience Scale" (BRS) and “SF-12 Health Survey” (SF-12). For data analysis, T-Test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the differences between the variables, and Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis to determine the relationship between the scales. According to the analysis results, there were significant differences in the mean scores of “PSS, "BRS” and “SF-12” with respect to (income status, education, position and championship) variables. As a result, it was determined that football players’ perceived stress and the brief resilience and health levels differed significantly according to some variables.

Measurement and evaluation of heart rate variability in monitoring fatigue: A narrative review

Sumer Alvurdu — 2023-03-20

The aim of this study was to give detailed information about the use of heart rate variability (HRV) and measurement and evaluation methods of the monitoring fatigue. HRV has become an increasingly used tool for monitoring fatigue in athletes. HRV is used for monitoring changes in optimize training load, and identify training adaptations. HRV monitoring provides important information about the athlete's recovery and the impact of training and competition on overall fatigue levels. Recent developments in wearable technologies and mobile applications have made it possible to measure HRV in real time and to continuously monitor fatigue levels. It is also important to consider the validity and reliability of HRV measurement tools and to report HRV results clearly and comprehensively. In athlete monitoring, it can be said that HRV measurements can be evaluated mostly at rest, with ultra-short-term (<60 sec) analysis method, and by taking into account the lnRMMSD and RMMSD metrics. However, it is clear that more research is needed to determine the validity of HRV in athletic populations. In addition, sports scientists and practitioners should consider other fatigue monitoring tools in addition to the use of HRV when making decisions about the fatigue and recovery levels of athletes.

Agon, arete, sport and war: Ancient Greece Period

Gulcan Tekin — 2023-03-20

Agon and arete are the dominant concepts of the Ancient Greek Period. In this research, which is carried out with the traditional review design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, it is aimed to reveal the relationship of these concepts with sports and war which are also important practices of the period. Agon and arete are associated with ‘good man’, competition, courage, and war. Therefore, the display of these features is typical quality of societies like Ancient Greece where war is a necessity. In ancient Greece, warfare takes place in the most destructive form of the agon. Arete is the highest value a brave young man can earn, who can endure blood and death in battle, stay close to the enemy, and fight. The great importance attributed to military victory, honour and combat readiness applies to sports and male athletes, as sport is considered an indispensable tool for combat training and skills. Successful male athletes become respected and divinely privileged citizens. In the distinguished works of the period, the relationship and common points between sports and war are often expressed. While war and sports have an important social function for militarism, glory, social privilege, social construction and maintenance of masculinity, it is a sign of the existence of Hellenic ethnic identity.

A review on the economic and financial provisions of the new sports law

Zuhal Yurtsizoglu — 2023-03-20

The "Sports clubs and sports federations law", which was accepted in the parliament on April 22, 2022 and entered into force after being published in the official gazette on April 26, is a law that creates radical and important changes in sports. Discussions that started when the law was being discussed in the parliament continued after the law entered into force. In particular, the articles related to the economic and financial obligations concerning the clubs are capable of causing significant changes for the sports economy. In our study, the parts of the new sports law related to sports economy were compared with the old practices, possible problems that could arise from a critical point of view were examined and solution proposals were tried to be created. It is thought that this study, which examines the economic and financial provisions of the law, will guide the actors in the sports world.

Motor skills in individuals with disabilities

Emre Kara — 2023-03-20

This study is a systematic review of the published scientific studies on the effect and importance of motor skills in individuals with disabilities. The study was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines and did not include disability groups other than those with physical, visual, cognitive, and hearing impairments. A search was conducted using the keywords “(motor skill) AND (disabled)” in the PubMed database, resulting in 256 results which were reduced to 110 after adding limitations of “Randomized-Controlled Study” and “Experimental Study” and “Review.” Of these, 90 studies were excluded, and the remaining 10 studies were included in the analysis. The results showed that motor development in the first three years of development is related to cognitive development in individuals with disabilities. Children with disabilities who participated in sports had better motor performance compared to those who did not participate. Early detection of motor skill development and early educational and exercise interventions for individuals with motor skill deficits are suggested based on the results of the literature review.