Journal of ROL Sport Sciences

The effect of physical activity on body composition and blood lipids after sleeve gastrectomy surgery in adult obese women – A one year longitudinal study

Ulas Can Yildirim — 2023-10-27

Obesity is a global health problem that is increasing in prevalence and poses significant risks to the health of individuals. In recent years, bariatric surgery, especially sleeve gastrectomy, has become a widely adopted approach in the treatment of obesity. However, the role of post-operative physical activity, especially in women, has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study is to compare the body composition and blood lipid levels of adult obese women who do physical activity and those who do not for a year after bariatric surgery. Twenty-one women (PA group / non-PA group) participants with a sedentary lifestyle and a body mass index above 35 were included in the study. The PA group performed regular aerobic exercises, while the non-PA group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Measurements were made in both groups preoperatively, at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results showed that physical activity has a significant effect on body composition. Regarding blood lipid levels, physical activity contributed to significantly improvements in cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels over the 12-month period. However, no significant relationship was found between physical activity and high-density lipoprotein levels. In summary, this study highlights the beneficial effects of physical activity on body composition and some blood lipid parameters in women after sleeve gastrectomy.

The effect of pre-exercise caffeine loading on body composition, blood parameters and resting pulse rate in women

Murat Bekleyis Apaydin — 2023-10-27

The purpose of our study is to determine the impact of caffeine consumption before exercise activities on the body composition, rest pulse^bpm, hemoglobin^mg/dL, glucose^mg/dL values of women who have an exercise history of at least 3 years. A total of 28 healthy women willingly participated in our study, consisting of the Step-aerobic group (Group A, N=10); Zumba (Group B, N=9), and the control group (Group C, N=9). In our study, caffeine xanthine was applied to the Step aerobics (6gr) and Zumba groups (3gr) 60 minutes before exercise respectively. On the other hand, no caffeine application was conducted in the control group. In the statistical analysis of our study, the SPSS 24 version program was utilized. The paired sample t-test was utilized for the comparison of inter-group pre-test and post-test averages, while One Way Anova was utilized for group comparisons. When inter-group comparisons were conducted in the study, the data that differences occurred in Group A, BW^(kg), BMI^(kg/m2), glucose^(mg/dL); Group B, glucose^(mg/dL), rest pulse^(bpm) was reached (p<0.05). When the group averages were compared, the finding that the body composition and rest pulse^(bpm) measurements demonstrated differences was reached (p<0.05). In conclusion, the finding that pre-exercise caffeine intake leads to decreases in body composition measurements and increases in the averages of blood glucose^(mg/dL), and rest pulse^(bpm) was reached.

Investigation of physical education teachers' and pre-service teachers' perceptions towards colleagues and students with special needs

Busra Sungu — 2023-10-27

In this study, it was aimed to determine the perceptions of physical education teachers and pre-service teachers towards their colleagues and students with special needs through metaphors. An interview form was created as a data collection tool. In the interview form, they were asked to complete two sentences, the first sentence being "Students with special needs are like... in physical education lessons. Because..." and the second sentence "The physical education teacher with special needs is like..., because...". The research was planned with phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs. The participant group of the study consisted of 39 physical education teachers and 58 physical education teacher candidates, totaling 97 people. The qualitative data were analysed by content analysis method. As a result of the analysis of the first sentence, four categories were obtained: “Student alone due to disability", "Student who attracts attention/exemplary student", "Student who needs adaptations and support in the lesson", "Student who struggles". As a result of the analysis of the second sentence, the categories of ''Teacher who is normal/like everyone else'', “Inspiring/leading teacher", ''Successful/struggling teacher'" were obtained. As a result, it was found that the participants' perceptions of a student with special needs differed from their perceptions of a teacher with special needs. Accordingly, while the perception towards the teacher with special needs was more positive, the perception towards the students was more negative. In this direction, the inclusion of teachers and students with special needs in the general education system can contribute to the realisation of inclusive education by being role models with their exemplary lives.

Investigation of innovation perception in athletes in terms of personality types and some demographic characteristics

Serkan Necati Metin — 2023-10-27

This study aims to examine athletes' perceptions of innovation in terms of personality types and some demographic characteristics. Relational and descriptive analysis models were used for the purpose of the study. "Personal Information Form", "Five-Factor Personality Scale" and "Innovation in Sports Scale" were utilized as "data collection tools". The research group comprises 196 people, 89 women and 107 men, determined by random sampling. G-power 3.1.9.7 was utilized to determine the sample size. As a result of the study, it was determined that although there are significant differences in the innovation perceptions of athletes when evaluated with different demographic characteristics, it has a small effect. Apart from this, it was determined that the explanatory rate of athletes' personalities on their perceptions of innovation was low, but there was a significant positive relationship. As a result, it is understood that athletes' demographic and personality characteristics are limited in understanding their perceptions of innovation.

“Is the coach a support or a hindrance?” An observation study on the neglect and abuse behaviors of wrestling coaches towards their athletes during the competition

Ali Burak Toy — 2023-10-27

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neglect and abuse behaviors of wrestling coaches toward their athletes during competition. A total of 610 coaches' performance observations were conducted during 305 competitions in the School Sport Turkey Championship of Young Men's Category A, Young Men's Category B, and Group Championship of Stars Category. A total of 39 coaches from 14 cities participated in the championship. To record neglect and abuse, an observation form was prepared before the competitions and used by two researchers during the competitions. The form recorded water towel neglect, general neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse observed during the competition. Statistical analyzes calculated the percentage distributions for each parameter and the percentages by competition category. In the younger age category, neglect was observed 66.2%, emotional abuse 8.5%, and physical abuse 2.5%. Among young men in category B, neglect was observed in 54%, emotional maltreatment in 13%, and physical maltreatment in 2%. In category A, young men exhibited neglect at 63.5%, emotional maltreatment at 13.5%, and physical maltreatment at 2.1%. Consequently, regardless of age-related categories, coaches showed high levels of neglect, used words associated with emotional abuse, and showed low levels of physical abuse during competitions.

The mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between burnout and performance: A research on the wrestling coaches

Ismail Koc — 2023-10-27

The aim of this research is to examine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between burnout and performance in wrestling coaches. The participants of the study were 160 volunteer wrestling coaches aged between 20-64 (38.47±8.36), 85% of whom were male and 15% of whom were female. The data were collected from the participants face-to-face and online on a voluntary basis by convenience sampling method at the Turkish Wrestling Championships organized within the scope of the Turkish Wrestling Federation 2023 annual program. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Form (PCQ-12), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Job Performance Scale Short Form (JPS) and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the scales. The mediation role was analyzed using Hayes SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 4). According to the results, burnout has a negative effect on performance and psychological capital, whereas psychological capital has a positive effect on performance. According to the upper and lower limits of Bootstrap confidence intervals, the mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between burnout and performance was found to be significant. As a conclusion, while burnout decreases coaches' performance, psychological capital increases it. At the same time, psychological capital plays a mediating role in increasing performance by reducing the negative effect of burnout on performance.

Examining the relationship between cognitive flexibility and attitudes towards artificial ıntelligence technologies among students studying sports sciences

Damla Ozsoy — 2023-10-27

Cognitive flexibility and attitudes towards artificial intelligence technologies can be an indicator of how much sports educators can improve sports performance by revealing their potential to use these technologies effectively. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the attitudes towards artificial intelligence and cognitive flexibility of students studying in the field of sport sciences. It also focused on socio-demographic variables that may affect this relationship. The data obtained by quantitative research method were analyzed by descriptive statistics method using SPSS 29.0.1.0 (171) program. According to the results of the research, the attitudes towards artificial intelligence and cognitive flexibility levels of students who use technological devices more frequently during exercise and male students who exercise regularly were found to be higher than other students. In addition, it was observed that individuals who frequently use technological devices during exercise and who exercise regularly have higher attitudes towards artificial intelligence and cognitive flexibility. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between cognitive flexibility and artificial intelligence attitude. In the light of the findings, suggestions were presented to improve the skills and attitudes of sports education students in these areas.

Comparison of match performance indicators of successful and unsuccessful teams in Turkish Super League

Gokhan Atasever — 2023-10-27

The aim of this study is to compare the match performance indicators of the successful and unsuccessful teams in the Turkish Super League in the 2018-2019 season. In the study group of the research, those who finished the super league in the top 3 and participated in the Champions league and UEFA European league; Bursaspor, which fell to a lower league by finishing in the last 3 places with Galatasaray, Medipol Başakşehir and Beşiktaş, formed the teams of Metropolitan Municipality Erzurumspor and Akhisarspor. Match performance variables; total running distance, high-speed running distance, high-speed running distance while having the ball, high-speed running distance when the ball is in the opponent's position, time to win the ball and team length. SPSS 25 package program was used for the analysis of the obtained data and independent sample t-test was used for pairwise comparison of the data. In all evaluations, the level of significance was taken as p<0.05. There was a statistically significant difference between the successful and unsuccessful teams in favor of the unsuccessful teams in the total running distance parameter, the high-speed running distance while having the ball, the high-speed running distance when the ball was in the opponent's possession, and the successful teams in the recovery time in favor of the team length and high-speed running distance parameters. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference. As a result; It was found that there is a high correlation between the results of our study and the league rankings of the teams in the study group at the end of the season.

Examination of aikido practitioners' attitudes towards healthy nutrition according to some variables

Hasan Abanoz — 2023-10-27

This research was conducted to examine the attitudes of individuals doing aikido sports towards healthy nutrition according to some demographic variables. A total of (N = 109) people participated in the research, including 62 males (56.9%) and 47 females (43.1%). In the study, demographic information form and attitude scale towards healthy nutrition (SBITÖ) were used as data collection tools. The value (p<0.05) was accepted as the significance level in statistical analyses. In the analysis of the data, It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of malnutrition sub-dimension, knowledge about nutrition sub-dimension, knowledge about nutrition and positive nutrition sub-dimensions and the total score of the scale (p<0.05). It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the participants' SBITS subscale and total scores according to gender, education, income level, residence and housing status variables (p>0.05). In conclusion; It can be said that the attitudes of individuals doing aikido sports towards healthy nutrition differ according to the variables of age, sports age and nutrition education.

Metaphorical perceptions of weight class athletes about pre-competition rapid weight loss

Eylem Gencer — 2023-10-27

Pre-competition rapid weight loss is a practice that athletes competing in weight class sports frequently resort to before the competition in order to reach the target weight and gain an advantage. Therefore, in this study, the perceptions of weigh class athletes about the phenomenon of pre-competition rapid weight loss were tried to be clarified through metaphors. The research was conducted with phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods based on the interpretive paradigm. A total of 126 weight class athletes (81 wrestling, 45 taekwondo) who had experience of pre-competition rapid weight loss participated in the study voluntarily. The data were obtained from the athletes through metaphorical data collection method, which is frequently used in qualitative research. In this direction, the athletes were asked to complete the statement “Pre-competition rapid weight loss is like/similar to ... because ...”. The data obtained in the study were analyzed by inductive content analysis. The analysis results showed that 81 different metaphors were created by the weight class athletes for the phenomenon of pre-competition rapid weight loss, and the most preferred metaphors were torment, death, torture, persecution, fasting, climbing to the top, fatigue, and nightmare. The thematic coding based on the similarities and differences of the metaphors created by the weight class athletes showed that the phenomenon of pre-competition rapid weight loss was perceived as difficulty/challenge, struggle/effort, success/performance tool, sacrifice, burnout, motivational tool, performance loss and health by the weight class athletes. In conclusion, weight class athletes have positive as well as negative perceptions towards pre-competition rapid weight loss.

What are the key performance indicators for a top position in the German Bundesliga?: 2022-2023 Bundesliga season example

Gizem Baskaya — 2023-10-27

The aim of the study is to compare the performance of the teams in the Bundesliga in the 2022/23 season according to the league ranking and to examine the relationship between these parameters and the points collected by the teams at the end of the season. The sample of the study consists of 612 matches played in the Bundesliga in the 2022/23 season. The data of the matches were collected from the Bundesliga official website; 8 technical, tactical, and 4 physical performance, 12 parameters in total were evaluated. Teams were group as top, middle and bottom according to their end-of-season rankings. MANOVA test was performed to reveal the difference between the teams and effect sizes were reported as partial eta squared (ηp²). Pearson Correlation Test was applied to determine the relationships between the performance parameters of the teams and the points they collected. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the top ranked teams had a statistically significant difference in the number of goals scored and conceded, number of shots and total points compared to the middle and bottom ranked teams. Significant positive relationships were found between total points and possession of the ball, accurate passing, goals scored, shots scored at very high and excellent level, and significant negative relationships were found with goals conceded and number of air balls won at high level. As a result, it can be said that the teams should passes the ball more, use the ball positively, utilise the opportunities positively, increase the number of goals and shots scored and decrease the number of goals conceded in order to take their place in the top ranks.

The examination of the predictive level of exercise and digital addiction on leisure time management

Ahmet Enes Sagin — 2023-10-27

Individuals in the process of university education are acknowledged to consider how they evaluate their leisure time with the activities they prefer, which is deemed significant in shaping their futures. In this study, within this context, the extent to which digital game addiction and exercise addiction influence the management of leisure time among university students has been investigated. The research sample comprises 275 university students, consisting of 139 males (50.5%) and 136 females (49.5%). The participants were administered the “Leisure Time Management Scale,” “Digital Game Addiction Scale,” and “Exercise Addiction Scale.” To ascertain the degree to which individuals' involvement in digital gaming and exercise addiction serves as predictors of their leisure time management, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. The outcomes of the research reveal that exercise addiction and digital game addiction significantly impact individuals' leisure time management. These findings have been generally interpreted in line with the existing knowledge in the literature, and recommendations for future research have been provided.

Determination of factors affecting the development processes of active fencing referees in Turkey

Tuncay Sariipek — 2023-10-27

The objective of this study is to determine and interpret the opinions of the fencing referees who are actively involved in the competitions in our country on the issues affecting their development processes. The study group; The Turkish Fencing Federation consists of 80 referees who are on the list of referees with a visa for 2021. An online data collection form was used as a data collection tool in this study, which was structured through the qualitative research method. In the analysis process of the data obtained, the data analysis program called MAXQDA Analyctis Pro (2022) was used. While closed-ended questions were summarized by indicating percentages, the content analysis method was used in the process of analyzing open-ended question and answer reports. The data obtained were visualized with the help of frequency tables and code maps. Finally, some of the opinions of the participants, which were coded, were directly conveyed by interpreting the findings obtained through the tables and code maps. As a result of the research, negative and positive views that affect the development processes of fencing referees in Turkey were categorized. While the issues such as training and development seminars organized for referees, increasing the number of referees' duties, meeting the accommodation and meal expenses of the referees, and improving their wages are among the positive factors; Factors such as the excessive working hours of the referees, the pressure of the coaches and athletes, the low wages, and the lack of sufficient job opportunities were evaluated within the scope of negative effects.

Determining the correlations between faculty of sport sciences students’ unemployment anxiety and their levels of hopelessness

Mine Koc — 2023-10-27

This study to determine the correlations between sport sciences students’ anxiety about unemployment and their levels of hopelessness. The study group was composed of 258 students in total 167 of whom were male and 91 of whom were female who attended the sport sciences faculty of Adıyaman University in 2021-2022 year. “Unemployment Anxiety Scale” and “Beck Hopelessness Scale” were used to collect research data. According to the results obtained, while the unemployment anxiety levels of the students showed a significant difference in the demographic variable according to their grade point averages (p<0.05), there was no difference in Beck hopelessness levels according to their age and general grade averages (p>0.05). As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive, moderate and significant relationship was found between unemployment anxiety and hopelessness in general (p<0.05). As a result, it has been found that all sub-factors of unemployment anxiety have an increasing effect, except for the contraction in employment and the decrease in the workforce. Therefore, it can be said that students' grade point averages and ages are significant variables in unemployment anxiety and/or hopelessness.

The relationship between perceived barriers to physical activity and leisure activity types in adolescence

Cihan Ayhan — 2023-10-27

Despite the benefits of physical activity and exercise for human health, many people do not engage in physical activity and exercise despite the well-known benefits for human health. Without access to active commuting or other school-related physical activity opportunities, adolescents are at risk of increased screen time use and weight gain. Physical activity barriers need to be investigated especially in adolescence. This study investigates the relationships between specific types of leisure activities and barriers to physical activity in adolescence. The study was undertaken with 1312 students in 14 different schools in Ankara City. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between specific types of leisure activities (outdoor, physical, hobbies and indoor, cultural, home-centered, and social and volunteering) and outcome variables. After controlling for covariates, it was revealed that outdoor activities and social activities were associated with all outcome variables. Volunteer activities were positively related to health perception. Negative relationships were observed between safety barriers and physical activities, individual barriers, and cultural activities. These findings suggest that promoting positive social interaction in recreational settings and encouraging participation in volunteer activities are important factors contributing to physical activity during adolescence.

The effect of perceptional stress from a recreational perspective on leisure satisfaction

Ramazan Ozavci — 2023-10-27

Recreational activities can provide physical, physiological, psychological or social benefits to individuals, and in this respect, it is possible for individuals to be satisfied with their spare time or to increase their level of satisfaction. On the other hand, stress can reduce the positive mood of individuals, thus negatively affecting their quality of life. From this point of view, the aim of this research is to examine the effect of perceived stress on leisure satisfaction. A total of 447 volunteers, 237 women and 210 men, participated in different recreational activities (sportive, social, artistic or cultural) in the research. The participants' perceived stress was determined by the "Perceived Stress Scale (PSÖ-4)" and their leisure satisfaction levels were determined through the "Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale (BZTS)" scales. The structural model, which was constructed after the reliability and validity tests for the scales, was tested in the AMOS program. The stress perceived by the participants explains the social dimension of leisure satisfaction by 37.7%, while the physiological dimension explains 36.2% and the psychological dimension 38.8%. As a result, it has been understood that the perceived stress level of individuals involved in recreational activities is an important determinant of leisure satisfaction.

The relationship between diaphragm muscle thickness, respiratory functions and respiratory muscle strength in athletes

Serhat Erail — 2023-10-27

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between diaphragmatic muscle thickness, respiratory function parameters and respiratory muscle strength in elite athlete groups. Cross-sectional method was used as research design. 58 male students (age= 20,14±2,71) studying at Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences participated in the study voluntarily. When analysed statistically; a positive significant difference was obtained between DiTeks and MEP. A higher positive significant difference was observed between DiTins and both MIP and MEP. In conclusion, this study showed that ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm is an important method to visualise many measurements and to obtain accurate results and that there is a relationship between diaphragmatic thickness and respiratory muscle strength and function parameters.

The effect of 12 weeks of tennis education on accuracy performance

Abdurrahim Kaplan — 2023-10-27

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week tennis education program on the accuracy performance of students aged 20-25 who were enrolled in the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Hitit University. A total of 40 students, comprising 23 females (age range: 20-24 years) and 21 males (age range: 20-26 years), volunteered to participate in the study. Descriptive data of the participants, such as age, height, and body weight, were used for characterization. In this study, which employed a pre-test-post-test model, the accuracy performance of both male and female participants was measured after 12 weeks of tennis training. SPSS 21 software was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used for the analysis of descriptive values, while the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to analyze the pre-test and post-test values of accuracy performance by gender. According to the analysis results, there was a significant difference in accuracy performance between the pre-test and post-test results in terms of gender following the 12-week tennis training program (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was observed that a 12-week tennis training program resulted in a positive improvement in tennis-specific accuracy performance in both females and males when consistently pursued. Additionally, it can be suggested that tennis-specific training, when applied with more repetitions over a longer time period, can further enhance accuracy performance by perfecting tennis-specific strokes.

Describing the relationship between digital game addiction, physical activity levels and MET values of university students

Serkan Esen — 2023-10-27

Generation Z, born into a digitalizing world at the beginning of this century, started using mobile phones, tablets and laptops widely and intensively at a very young age. There are findings in the literature that this habit in adolescence may cause digital game addiction and restrict mobility. The aim of this study is to try to determine whether there is a relationship between digital game addiction and physical activities of undergraduate students. In this context, predictive correlational and causal comparison model were used in the study through a quantitative measurement. The relationship between digital game addiction and physical activity level was examined through the inventory prepared for the research. As a result of the data analysis of the study, while there was no significant difference in terms of physical activity level according to gender, it was determined that male participants had a significantly higher level of digital game addiction than female participants. According to the findings of the research, 90% of university students play digital games, but approximately 10% of families are concerned about playing digital games and control their children while they play. The level of physical activity also differed significantly between the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences and the students of other faculties. Positive relationships were also found between the duration of playing digital games, digital game addiction and playing games on different game platforms. As the playing time increases, the number of platforms and the level of addiction increases. On the other hand, no relationship was found between MET value indicating physical activity and digital game addiction.

Investigation of sportsmanship understanding and personal features of athletes

Mehmet Vakif Durmusoglu — 2023-10-27

In this research, it is aimed to examine and evaluate the personality traits and sportsmanship understanding of the students of the faculty of sports sciences according to some parameters. The population of the research consists of the students of Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sports Sciences at Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2021-2022. The study's sample group consists of 121 women and 131 men, a total of 252 students studying at the faculty of sports sciences, who were selected by the simple sampling method and participated in our research voluntarily. The "Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale", consisting of 20 items and four sub-dimensions, was used to determine students' understanding of fair play. Sub-dimensions of the scale; Compliance with Social Norms, Respect for Rules and Management, Commitment to Responsibilities in Sports, Respect for Competitors are sub-dimensions. The "Ten-Item Personality Scale" was used to determine the personality characteristics of the participants. Subdimensions of the scale Openness to Experience, Responsibility, Extraversion, Compassion, and Emotional Stability consist of five sub-dimensions. There was no difference between the groups according to gender, class and sports (p>0.05). There is a difference in the "Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale" sub-dimension according to family income. There is also a difference in the ten-item personality scale sub-dimension of individual athletes, team athletes and those who have never done sports. According to the results obtained, it can be said that students with similar socio-economic levels show similar sportsmanship and personality traits.

Relationship between anthropometric characteristics and strength in national team lower age categories of windsurfers

Meric Odemis — 2023-10-27

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some selected anthropometric variables and strength performance of windsurfers. Twenty-seven windsurfers with an average age of 14.92±1.91, an average height of 168.66±10.56, an average weight of 56.21±8.83 % fat 15.43±6.98, a fat mass of 8.54±4.06 and a BMI of 19.65±1.79 actively competing in the Techno Plus and Techno 293 classes of the Turkish National Team participated in the study. Weight, height, arm-leg, and foot length were measured from anthropometric tests, while handgrip-leg-back strength and standing long jump tests were applied from strength tests. In the study, a significant relationship was observed between back strength and height (r=0.691) and back strength and right handgrip (r=0.644) in female surfers (p<0.005). It was found that there was a significant relationship between right handgrip (r=0.647), left handgrip (r=0.526), back strength (r=0.633), and leg strength (r=0.640) with the standing long jump test of male surfers (p<0,001). At the end of the study, it was determined that there was a relationship between some anthropometric values, which were thought to be effective in the performance of windsurfers, and strength performances. Paying attention to these characteristics in the selection of surfer-specific skills and training programs can be a factor for success.

Investigation of the relationship between academic locus of control and health-related fear levels of students in the faculty of sport sciences

Muhammet Bas — 2023-10-27

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic locus of control control and health-related fear levels of students receiving sports education. The research group consisted of 612 students studying at Mus Alparslan University, Faculty of Sports Sciences. In addition to the personal information form, the Academic Locus of Control and Covid-19 Fear Scale were used as data collection tools. SPSS 23.0 package program was used to analyze the data. T test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation test were used in the research. According to the research findings, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the scores obtained from the participants according to gender, age, place of residence and vaccination variables. In addition, there is a statistically significant difference in the external control sub-dimension scores of the Academic Locus of Control Scale according to the variables of gender, age, vaccination status and thinking that the vaccine protects against the virus. Also, internal control sub-dimension scores, there is a statistically significant difference in terms of the variables of getting the disease and thinking that the vaccine protects against the virus. In conclusion; It has been observed that women experience more fear than men, the level of academic focus increases as age increases, and the academic focus level of students without health problems is higher.

Determination of esports players' levels of life engagement and future expectations in terms of various variables in Turkey

Cuma Ece — 2023-10-27

If we were to make a scientific definition, electronic sports; “The field of sports activities, in which people develop and train their mental or physical abilities using information and communication technologies, is one of the biggest types of entertainment. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between esports players' life engagement and their expectations from the future. A total of 243 people, 145 men and 79 women, aged 18.155 ± 1.05 years, residing in the Marmara region of Turkey, participated in the research, which was carried out as a descriptive and relational survey. In the research, the Life Engagement Scale and the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale were used. No difference was found between the overall score averages of the scale of life engagement and future expectation of esports players and the variable of father's education and income levels (p> 0.05). It has been determined that esports players whose mother's education level is secondary school have higher religion and society levels (p< 0.05). According to the gender variable, it was determined that the level of life engagement and future expectation of esports players differed between the sub-dimensions of the scale (p< 0.05). As a result of the research, a positive correlation was found between the esports players' life engagement and the mean score of the scale of future expectation and the sub-dimensions of the scale of future expectation (p< 0.05). It is recommended that similar studies be conducted in larger groups and in different regions.

Investigating the effects of biological maturity and relative age on physical fitness and sport-specific skills of young futsal players

Abdusselam Turgut — 2023-10-27

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biological maturity and relative age on physical fitness and sport-specific skills in young futsal players. The study included 58 male athletes in the age group of 12 years who participated in futsal games in school sports. The age of the study group was 12.57 ± 0.26 years, the average height was 158.74 ± 8.48 cm, and the body weight was 50.15 ± 9.25 kg. After determining the relative age, maturity status, height, and body weight of the study group according to their birth months, they were asked to participate in a hand strength test, a vertical jump test, a sit-stand test, a 30-metre sprint test, a 505 mobility test, a push-up test, and a sit-up test. A significant difference was found in the values of height, body weight, right and left hand grip strength, vertical jump test, sit-stand flexibility test, 30 m sprint test, 505 agility test, push-up test, and sit-up test in young male futsal players who were born in the first months of the year and matured early compared to athletes who were born in the last months of the year and matured late. As a result of our study, it was found that futsal players born in the first months of the year or matured early were taller and heavier than futsal players born in the last months of the year or matured late. It was also found that these athletes have better performance scores than their peers born in the last months of the year or matured later.

Problems and facilitators in the participation of students with autism spectrum disorder in physical education and sports lessons

Busra Sungu — 2023-10-27

In this study, the aim is to examine the challenges faced by students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in their participation in Physical Education and Sports classes and to investigate facilitators. The participant group of the research consists of 10 individuals, including 2 mother, 2 academicians, 2 physical education teachers, and 4 special education teachers. The research was designed using a qualitative research method, and the focus group interview technique was employed. As a data collection tool, a three-item semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used. The data were collected through two focus group interviews conducted via Zoom, a they were analyzed using the content analysis method. The research has resulted in five themes: "Benefits of Physical Education and Sports," "Expert Physical Education Teachers," "Education System and Inclusive Policies," "School-Family-Sports Clubs Collaboration," and "Physical Facilities and Teaching Materials." In conclusion, the research indicates that students with Autism Spectrum Disorder face challenges in attending Physical Education and Sports classes, despite the importance of these classes in acquiring motor and social skills. It is evident that there is a need to develop inclusive ways to increase and encourage the participation of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Physical Education and Sports classes.

Risk management in personal training studios

Ali Eraslan — 2023-10-27

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk management practices in personal training studios in Ankara. The study was designed as a general survey research, one of the quantitative research methods. The participants of the study consisted of 119 participant, working as a manager/supervisor or owner. As a data collection tool, "The Risk Management Scale in Health and Fitness Facilities" was used. According to the data obtained, the highest risk management practices are member services, structure and design, and policy, respectively. Whether the participants are managers/supervisors or business owners, their responses to risk management are similar. However, risk management practices differ in terms of the duration of service of the facility and the federation to which it is affiliated. As a result, risk management practices in personal exercise studios score high on all sub-dimensions.

Examination of emotional intelligence and mental endurance levels in sports of university students who actively do sports

Sermet Toktas — 2023-10-27

Research indicates that athletes with high levels of mental resilience and emotional intelligence demonstrate stronger abilities in coping with stress and challenges, focusing on goals, and displaying flexibility. The purpose of this study is to examine the levels of emotional intelligence and mental resilience of university students who actively participate in sports, based on gender, age of involvement in sports, and weekly training frequency. This research is a descriptive study. The population of the study consists of university students who actively participate in sports. The sample consists of university students who are enrolled in Adıyaman, Gümüşhane, Artvin Çoruh, and Bayburt Universities during the 2022-2023 academic year and indicate their active participation in sports. A total of 436 university students, with a mean age of 21.69±1.55, voluntarily participated in the study, including 147 (33.7%) females and 289 (66.3%) males. Participants were included in the study through convenience sampling. The Sport Mental Resilience Scale and the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale were used in the research. T-test and one-way ANOVA were employed for data analysis.
The findings of this study indicate significant differences in the levels of mental resilience and emotional intelligence among university students who engage in regular physical activity, based on gender, sport age, and weekly training frequency variables. Specifically, the results favor male participants in terms of gender, participants with older sport age, and participants who engage in more frequent training sessions.

Investigation of perceived stress and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in shooters according to some variables

Zekiye Ozkan — 2023-10-27

Attention, focus and concentration are vital components of shooting. Therefore, Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as well as perceived stress are among the factors that significantly affect an athlete’s performance. This study aims to examine the cases of ADHD and PS in shooters and the correlation between these two variables. The study was conducted with 200 shooters. The ASRS was administered to measure ADHD of the participants and the PSS was used to measure their PS levels. Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyzes were performed. The findings of study revealed the ASRS and PSS total and sub-dimension scores of the shooters were found to be low. According to gender results, the ASRS and PSS scores of female athletes were significantly higher than those of males (p < .05). Also, it was found a positive and significant correlation between the total scores of ASRS and PSS of the shooters (rspearman = 0.47, p < 0.00). According to the SEM results, ADHD has a positive effect of 0.66 on PS. In conclusion, it is believed that shooting sports positively affect ADHD and PS by minimizing their symptoms since they require high levels of attention, also, it would be beneficial to direct individuals with ADHD to sports that require focus, such as shooting.

The effect of mental well-being on academic self-efficacy

Senol Yanar — 2023-10-27

The aim of the research is to determine the effect of mental well-being on academic self-efficacy of students receiving sports education at undergraduate level. The study group of the research consists of a total of 204 students, 113 of whom are female (55.4%) and 91 of whom are male (44.6%), studying at a public university. As a data collection tool in the research; Personal information form, Mental Well-being Scale and Academic Self-efficacy Scale were used. It was determined that the mental well-being and academic self-efficacy levels of the participants were above average. It was determined that the participants' mental well-being and academic self-efficacy levels did not differ according to gender. It was determined that the grade level of the participants did not differ according to mental well-being, but as the grade level increased, academic self-efficacy increased. Another result obtained from the research is that mental well-being predicts academic self-efficacy by 33%.

Exploring the relationship between elite young athletes' irrational performance beliefs and sports goal orientation

Ali Burak Toy — 2023-10-27

In this study, the aim was to examine the relationship between irrational performance beliefs and goal orientation in elite young athletes. The study group consisted of 238 actively licensed male athletes (age = 19.31 ± 3.14). In the research, The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory-2 (IPBI-2) were used. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to analyze the obtained data set. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between the goal orientation scale and the ego orientation and task orientation sub-dimensions, and the irrational performance beliefs inventory's demand for approval, catastrophizing, low frustration tolerance, and devaluing sub-dimensions, as well as the total IPBI score (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is believed that goal orientation sub-dimensions, namely task orientation and ego orientation, are related to levels of irrational performance beliefs.

E-sports: An analysis on global growth, revenue streams, and threats

Ahmet Sahin — 2023-10-27

E-sports has rapidly become a growing industry in recent years. E-sports refers to organized video game competitions played by amateur and professional players and has evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry with a global following. The E-sports market benefits from revenue streams such as sponsorships, media rights, digital, ticketing and merchandise sales, broadcasting fees, and streaming. In this article, a SWOT analysis is conducted to examine the E-sports market size, trends, regional distribution, and revenue streams. According to the analysis results, Match-fixing poses a threat to the E-sports industry. Match-fixing and manipulation in the E-sports industry can be a potential risk due to the competitive nature of the game, which includes the potential for betting, leading to an increased risk of exploitation. Such incidents can undermine the industry's integrity and credibility, potentially causing players, teams, and sponsors to lose trust. Based on regional analysis, the Asia-Pacific region stands out as a leader in E-sports organizations, generating a revenue of $525.8 million in 2020. The Asia-Pacific region's strengths include high growth potential and leadership opportunities.

Determination of injury risks of individuals receiving regular swimming training according to age variable

Meral Miyac — 2023-10-27

The purpose of this research; The aim is to determine the injury risks of individuals who receive regular swimming training according to their age. A total of 22 men who attended regular swimming lessons twice a week for 1 year were included in the study. After height and body weight measurements were taken for each participant, the study was concluded by performing a Functional Mobility Screening (FHT) test. After examining the normality distribution of the obtained values with the Shapiro-Wilks test, the Mann Whitney U test, which is used in non-parametric data, was used to determine the difference between variables. Among the participants' Functional Mobility Screening test parameters; Shoulder mobility scores were found to be statistically significant in favor of 16-year-olds and rotation stability scores were found to be statistically significant in favor of 14-year-olds (p<0.05). Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found for the total scores of deep squatting, high stepping, single-line lunge, active straight leg lifting, trunk stability push-ups, and Functional Mobility Screening test (p>0.05). It can be suggested that the FHT test should be investigated in different sports branches, levels and different age groups, and that coaches should apply the Functional Mobility Screening test at regular intervals in order to minimize injuries.

The effect of digital leisure participation purposes on flow experience and leisure satisfaction

Batuhan Er — 2023-10-27

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of university students' digital leisure activities participation purposes in on flow experience and leisure satisfaction. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. Simple random sampling technique was chosen for the sample group. The study was carried out with a total of 731 (Age Mean = 20.75±2,468) participants, 268 women and 463 men. The demographic information form created by the researchers, the Digital Leisure Participation Purposes Scale, the Digital Leisure Flow Experience Scale and the Leisure Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. In the analysis of the data obtained, descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling were performed by means of SPSS 25 and Jamovi programs. When the findings were examined, it was determined that digital leisure participation purposes had a positive effect on digital leisure flow experience and leisure satisfaction. In addition, it has been determined that digital leisure flow experience had a positive effect on leisure satisfaction. In the second model created, it was determined that digital leisure flow experience had a mediating role in the effect of digital leisure participation purposes on leisure satisfaction. As a result, with this study, it can be said that digital leisure participation purposes positively affect digital leisure flow experience and leisure satisfaction. However, it is possible to say that the digital leisure flow experience also had a positive effect on leisure satisfaction.

Evaluation of professional development processes of elite football coaches according to their learning paths and success levels

Bahadir Bayarslan — 2023-10-27

Qualified football coaches are of great importance for the development of football in general and elite football in particular. Research shows that the development of expert coaching in elite sport is a complex issue involving mediated, non-mediated and internal learning situations. However, it is less clear to what extent and in what ways these learning situations come together in coaches' learning paths. The aim of this article is to answer this question by examining the learning paths, success and professional development processes of elite football coaches. For the method of the research, document analysis formed the basis of the qualitative research conducted on the paths to expertise of 24 elite football head coaches who were successful in football tournaments organized by FIFA and UEFA. Miles and Huberman model was used as the model of the research. For the research, 24 elite football coaches who have achieved outstanding success in modern football since the early 90s were selected. It was based on the achievements of elite football coaches at the peak of their professional careers. As a result, it was seen that experience was important in the development and learning paths of elite coaches. It was understood that a long football player career combined with success had a positive effect on the professional development of the coach and his coaching knowledge. It was stated that elite football coaching is a process in which technical, tactical, physical and mental learning continues.

Investigation of esports participation motivations of university students who took esports

Muhammet Eyup Uzuner — 2023-10-27

This study aims to examine the motivations of university students taking esports courses to participate in esports. Our research is applied in terms of basic philosophy, explanatory in terms of purpose, quantitative and survey in terms of method, cross-sectional in terms of duration, and group in terms of unit of analysis. A purposive sampling technique was used in sample selection. A total of 60 students, 3 (6.1%) female and 46 (93.9%) male, who took Esports courses in the fall and spring semesters of 2022-2023, participated in the study voluntarily. The Esports Participation Motivation Scale and a demographic information form consisting of 11 questions were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed in the SPSS 25 package program. After descriptive statistical calculations were made since the data did not show normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U Test was used for variables with 2 groups in independent variables, and the Kruskall-Wallis H Test was used for variables with 3 or more groups. The significance level was taken as 0.05. According to the results of an in-group comparison of students' esports participation motivation scale scores; a statistically significant difference was found according to the variables of monthly income level, preferred game type, father's education level, and the belief of obtaining critical gains related to esports by taking esports courses at university (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that university students' motivation to participate in esports differed according to some variables.

Investigation of some injuries in freestyle and greco-roman style Turkish wrestlers

Fatih Karakas — 2023-10-27

The study's main purpose is to determine the disability status of elite Turkish wrestlers in the young and senior categories according to Freestyle and Greko-Romen wrestling styles and to determine the precautions to be taken to prevent possible injuries in today's wrestling. Fifty-eight wrestlers in Freestyle and 72 wrestlers in Greco-Roman style were followed. Student t-tests- and "chi-square" tests were used for statistical analysis. It has been determined that there is a difference in the injury exposure of the wrestlers during active sports according to the wrestling style (Chiquare = 9.82, p<0.05). In the distribution of total number of injuries according to wrestling year, those injured 2 or 3 times increased significantly as the wrestling year increased (Chi-square 21.55, p<0.001). There are significant differences in the neck, back, shoulder and collarbone, rotator caf, other muscles, nose, finger, elbow, knee and below the knee, ankle, chest, and abdominal regions among the injured areas of the wrestlers according to the style (p<0.05 and p<0,001). The difference in the distribution of injury types in training and competitions according to wrestling style was not statistically significant (Chi-square =1.02, p=0.196). A significant difference was found in the participation of the wrestlers in the competitions according to the styles when they were injured (p<0.001). It has been determined that freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers have more injuries during training. As the number of wrestling years increases, so does the number of injuries. Greco-Roman wrestlers were injured more in the neck, back, abdomen and shoulder regions than freestyle wrestlers. Freestyle wrestlers suffered more injuries in the knee and ankle region.

Investigation of the relationship between forearm and hand anthropometric characteristics and grip strength of elite and recreational sport climbers

Asiye Hande Baskan — 2023-10-27

The emergence of climbing as a competitive discipline has led to research on many subjects. Many of these studies have focused on evaluating the contribution of anthropometric and upper extremity strength characteristics to sport climbing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between forearm and hand anthropometric characteristics and grip strength of elite and recreational sport climbers. Forty male athletes, including national team sport climbers (N=20) and recreational sport climbers (N=20) aged 18-23 years, participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements of the athletes; height, weight and BMI (body mass index), anthropometric measurements of the dominant hand (hand length, palmar length, finger length, wrist circumference, hand width), forearm anthropometric measurements (forearm length, forearm circumference), shape index, hand surface area, palmar length/width, hand length/height formulas were calculated and recorded. For grip strength; hand and finger grip strengths were measured. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS.23 package programe and Pearson correlation analyses were statistically evaluated at p<0.05 level to determine the relationship between the groups by independent sample t-test. Elite athletes had significantly higher experience, hand and finger grip strength, hand length, forearm circumference and lower BMI values than recreational athletes (p<0,01). Significant relationships were found between hand grip strengths, finger grip strengths, hand length and finger lengths in elite athletes, but no relationship was found in recreational athletes. Finger grip strengths were positively correlated with hand and wrist width. As a result, it can be said that especially hand anthropometry and grip strengths will contribute to the selection of elite level sport climbers.

Hearing impaired national volleyball players of fair play perception

Mehmet Cem Satman — 2023-10-27

Sport is a tool which people transfer their lifestyles and what they learn from their environment in to their life. In addition to that, it is also an important attitude for athletes to exhibit fair play behaviour in the international arena. In this context, the aim of this research is to determine the meanings of hearing-impaired female national volleyball players regarding the concept of fair play through metaphors through their thoughts and experiences. The research consists of 20 female volleyball players in the candidate squad of the Turkish deaf Volleyball national team in the 2022-2023 season. Phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In obtaining the data, hearing-impaired volleyball players were asked to complete this sentence; ‘fair play is like/similar to …….., because ……’. Content analyse technique was used to analyse the data. According to the findings examination, the metaphors created by the hearing-impaired athletes participating in the research for the concept of ‘fair play’ were collected under the themes of ‘being an element of morality’, ‘being an element of justice’ and ‘being an element of goodness’ respectively. It is thought that dissaminating fair play training for disabled athletes and encouraging their positive behaviour by rewarding them will contribute to the spread of behaviours worthy of the sprit.

Comparison of bilateral-ipsilateral strength ratios in taekwondo and football players

Coskun Yilmaz — 2023-10-27

The aim of our study was to determine the knee isokinetic profiles of football and taekwondo players and to investigate the asymmetric power differences in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Twenty-two athletes with a training history of at least 5 years and active participation in football and taekwondo were included in the study. After a 15-minute dynamic and static warm-up, the tests were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer (Humac Norm Testing and Rehabilitation System, CSMI, USA). The tests were performed between 10:00 and 15:00 in the morning. Peak torque angular velocities at 60o s-1, 180o s-1 and 2400 s-1 and con/con contractions were determined. Bilateral force ratios and ipsilateral force ratios were recorded in %. When comparing the peak torque of the right and left knee flexor and extensor muscles of the soccer players and taekwondo athletes, a significant difference was observed between the ipsilateral H:Q 240 (%) strength ratios of the soccer players, but no significant difference was observed for the other parameters. When comparing the peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles in the right and left extremities, no significant difference was found for any of the parameters (p>0.05). When comparing the bilateral measurements of football players and taekwondo athletes, there was a significant difference between H:H 240 (%) bilateral strength ratios (p=0.009), but no significant difference was found in other bilateral strength ratios (p>0.05). As a result, it was found that the bilateral and ipsilateral strength ratios of taekwondo and football players were similar, except for the H:H 240 bilateral strength ratio.

The effect of the leadership behaviors of recreational sports school coaches on the sports commitment of young people

Oktay Yigit — 2023-10-27

The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of the leadership behaviors of recreational sports school coaches on the sports commitment of young people. The sample of the research consists of a total of 177 individuals, 93 women and 84 men, who receive training in sports schools within the scope of recreational sports activities in Niğde and Istanbul provinces. Scanning and relational analysis methods were used as models within the scope of the research. A scale with three sections was used to collect research data. While the first part consists of demographic items, the second part consists of the questions of the "Leadership Scale for Sports". The third part includes the "Sports Commitment Scale". SPSS 24 program was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of demographic data, and multiple regression analyzes were used in relational analyses. As a result of the research, it was found that explanatory and rewarding behavior had a significant positive effect on the participants' commitment to sports (b=0.33, p<0.001). It was observed that educational and supportive behavior and democratic behavior did not have a statistically significant effect (p>0.001). Considering these results, it is recommended that recreational sports school coaches adopt explanatory and rewarding behavior in order to increase the sports commitment levels of young participants.

Examination of high school students' attitudes towards physical education course according to some variables

Yavuz Karaduman — 2023-10-27

The aim of our research is to examine the attitudes of high school students towards physical education lesson according to some variables. The population of the research consists of high school students studying in schools in Iğdır province, and the sample group consists of 554 students selected on a voluntary basis. "Attitude Scale Towards Physical Education Lesson" was used as a data collection tool in the study. In the analysis of data, independent groups t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis using SPSS v.23 program. According to the independent groups t-test results, a significant difference was detected in the general score of the "Attitude Towards Physical Education Lesson" scale according to the gender variable. According to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results; It was determined that there was a significant difference in the total score of the "Attitude Towards Physical Education Lesson" scale according to age and grade level variables. No significant difference could be detected regarding "Attitude Towards Physical Education Lesson" according to the variables of number of siblings, licensed athletes, availability of sports facilities at the school, educational status of the mother and father and family income level.

Effects of various recovery times on repeated sprint performance

Hakan Karabiyik — 2023-10-27

This study aims to find the best recovery period between repetitive sprint activities in both male and female volunteers. A total of 19 volunteering students from Faculty Of Sports Sciences, 12 female and 7 male, who exercise at least twice a week, participated in this randomized, crossover, reciprocal-balanced, and single-blind study where participants performed 10 repetitions of 6-second sprints in cycling ergometry with 50, 40, 30, 20, or 10-second rest intervals. Percentage of decrease in performance, peak power (PP) and average power (AP) values were calculated as RSE (repetitive sprint exercise) performance parameters. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze data. Following the descriptive statistics, all data were tested with repeated measures analysis of variance. Sphericity assumption was determined by Mauchly test. In cases where the sphericity assumption was not satisfied, Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied if Epsilon <0.75, and Huynh-Feldt correction was applied if >0.75. The alpha value was accepted as 0.05. It was determined that the highest percentage of repetitive sprint performance decrease in both men and women occurred in sprints with 10-second rest intervals, and there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of performance decline between sprints with 10-second rest intervals and 40- and 30-second rest intervals in men (p<0.05).

Investigation of parameters affecting throwing velocity and accuracy in handball

Neslihan Akcay — 2023-10-27

Handball is a team sport in which changing direction, running fast-slowly, jumping, throwing, throwing accuracy, and tackles are at the forefront. For basic throws in the game, throwing speed and accuracy are important factors for a successful throw. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of body composition, isokinetic strength, handgrip strength, and static and dynamic balance parameters on throwing speed and accuracy in handball players. A total of 20 male handball players with an average age of 14.95±0.24 years and an average sports age of 4.15±0.44 years participated in the study voluntarily. Body composition, static and dynamic balance, hand grip strength, shoulder and arm rotation, throwing velocity and accuracy tests were performed on the athletes. While a negative correlation was found between body weight (r=-0.61), body mass index (r=-0.66), body muscle mass (r=-0.5), body fat mass (r=-0.58), Body fat % (r=0.61), Dominant arm muscle (r=-0.52) parameters and throwing accuracy, a positive correlation was found between dominant hand grip (r=0.59) and dominant arm shoulder internal rotation strength (r=0.59), non-dominant arm shoulder internal rotation strength parameters and throwing velocity (p<0.05). No correlation was found in the static and dynamic balance parameter. In line with the findings of the study, the static and dynamic balance parameters of the handball players did not have an effect on the throwing velocity and accuracy. However, while anthropometric characteristics such as body weight, body fat percentage and mass, and muscle mass had an effect on throwing accuracy, it can be said that hand grip strength, isokinetic shoulder internal and external rotation strength were effective on throwing velocity.

Examining the relationship between body image flexibility of ballroom dancers and folk dancers and appearance-related social media consciousness

Pinar Karacan Dogan — 2023-10-27

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between body image flexibility of ballroom dancers and folk dancers and appearance-related social media consciousness in terms of various variables. In the study, the relational survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. "Personal Information Form", "Body Image Flexibility Scale (BIBS)" and "Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness Scale (ARSMBS)" were used as data collection tools. The research group consisted of a total of 200 dancers from Gazi University Paired Dance Sports Ensemble and Gazi University Folk Dance Ensembles. In the analysis of data; t-Test were used to determine the relationship between the variables, and Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales. According to the results obtained from the research data, a moderate and significant relationship was found between the participants' body image flexibility and Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness. Among the participants who constitute the study group of the research, the BIF of the folk actors was found to be higher than that of the hall dancers. A significant difference was found between the answers given by the participants to other variables and the BIF. It can be said that the fact that the participants use social media more frequently and for various purposes due to their social status and interactions in their environment influences the increase in ARSMC. A significant difference was found between the participants' other variables such as gender and the frequency of daily use of social media and ARSMC.

The interrelationships between football fans’ psychological connection to a team, perception of sponsorship and sponsorship response in the context of new team and new sponsor

Kadir Yagiz — 2023-10-27

This paper aims to propose an integrated model to evaluate sponsorship effectiveness in newly organized professional football teams. To achieve this, the effects of fan identification as the psychological connection of sports fans with a sports team, on sponsorship perceptions, such as attitude towards the sponsor and brand image, and sponsorship response, such as purchasing intention, were examined. In addition, the mediating role of consumer sponsor perceptions in the relationship between fan identification and purchasing intention was tested. The data were gathered from 255 fans of Alagöz Holding Iğdır football club. Confirmatory factor analyses (Amos 23 IBM) and PROCESS analyses (SPSS) was conducted in statistics. The findings supported our model, which proposes that fan identification has a direct impact on sponsorship perceptions and response, and that sponsorship perceptions mediate the relationship between fan identification and sponsor response. The main contribution of this paper is the incorporation of fan identification, attitude towards sponsor, sponsor brand image, and purchase intentions within an integrated sponsorship model, and testing of their interrelations which have not been empirically tested in the context of a newly formed professional football team. Practical implications for both sports team marketers and sponsors are explained in the paper.

Investıgatıon of self-efficacy and self-esteem levels of students studying in physical education and sports high school in choosing a specialty branch

Mihrac Koroglu — 2023-10-27

This study aimed to examine the effect of self-efficacy and self-esteem levels on the choice of specialization branch of students studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports. Self-efficacy and self-esteem scales were applied to 119 students in the 3rd and 4th grades who chose a specialization branch in the coaching department. The data obtained by the relational survey model method were analyzed in SPSS. Self-efficacy and self-esteem levels were found to be moderate. Self-efficacy levels did not differ significantly according to sex, age, specialty branches, the reason for choosing a specialty, duration of interest in the specialty, and duration of specialty. There is a significant difference in self-esteem according to sex, specialty branch, and reason for choosing a specialty. There is no significant difference according to age, duration of interest in specialty, and duration of specialization. The self-esteem levels of female students are higher than male students. Self-esteem levels of students in the soccer branch are higher than those in the swimming and tennis branches. The self-esteem levels of students in the gymnastics branch are higher than those in the swimming and tennis branches. Self-esteem levels of students with economic income reasons were higher than those with career planning and friends’ recommendation reasons.

The role of career planning in the perception of success for faculty of sports sciences students

Isa Ciftci — 2023-10-27

The aim of the study is to understand and explain to what extent and how individual career planning affects an individual’s perception of personal success. The sample group consists of a total of 682 students, 304 female and 378 males, studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bingol University and Fırat University. In the research, the “Career Planning Scale” and “Personal Achievement Perception Scale” were used to collect personal information and data. In the analysis of the data, the level of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables was determined using the Pearson correlation test, and the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable was determined using the linear regression test. The effects of career planning sub-dimensions, self-evaluation, defining opportunities, setting goals, and creating a plan on the personal success of the students participating in the research were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result, self-evaluation, identifying opportunities, setting goals, and creating plans, which are among the sub-dimensions of career planning, significantly affect personal success. Therefore, developing and directing these career planning processes in a positive way can significantly increase individuals’ perceptions of personal success.

Examination of the motivation to participate in sports and recreational benefit levels of academic staff who do sports activities as recreational activities

Ihsan Yagci — 2023-10-27

In this research, 365 Academicians working at Istanbul Topkapi University, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul Kultur University and Istanbul Medipol University voluntarily participated in the study. In the study, the personal information form created by the researchers in the first part was used as a data collection. It was used “Participation of Motivation Questionnaire=PMQ” to measure the motivation of academicians to participate in sports. The scale consists of thirty items and eight sub-dimensions (Achievement/Status, Physical Fitness, Team Spirit, Friends, Entertainment, Competition, Skill Development, Movement/Activity). In the third part, the “Recreation Benefit Scale” (LBS) in order to determine the benefit levels of individuals in recreational activities was used. The data were collected online by applying the survey technique. T-test and ANOVA tests were used in the analysis of the obtained data. The difference between the variables was interpreted based on the p.0.05 significance level. As a result of the findings obtained as a result of the study, it is seen that the motivation of the academicians to participate in sports is good and they have a high level of participation in sports. According to another result, in the comparison of the Gender of the academicians regarding the Incentive to Participate in Sports; It was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of male participants in the Achievement/Status sub-dimension. In the comparison of the Recreational Benefit regarding the titles of the academicians, it was observed that the mean score of the Professor participants in the Social Benefit sub-dimension was significantly higher than the Research Assistant participants (p<0,05).

Attitudes of sports science students towards information and communication technology and their perceptions of distance education

Fatih Harun Turhan — 2023-10-27

This research aims to examine the attitudes of sports science students towards Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their perceptions of distance education. The study was conducted on a sample of 520 sports science students in Turkey. Demographic information such as gender, department, class level, and internet usage duration of the participants was collected. The research received approval from the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee and data were analyzed using various statistical methods. Data were collected using the 'Attitude Scale Towards Information and Communication Technologies' and 'Opinions of Distance Education Students on Distance Education' scales. Two-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to analyze the data for differences in means, and Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to reveal relationships between the scales. According to the research findings, factors such as gender, department, class level, and internet usage duration generally do not constitute significant differences in attitudes towards ICT and opinions about distance education, although some sub-dimensions may vary. However, when examining the Pearson correlation coefficients and p-values expressing relationships between different sub-dimensions, it was observed that there were correlations between sub-dimensions of attitudes towards ICT and sub-dimensions of opinions about distance education.

Investigation of the effect of fartlek training on aerobic performance in adolescent female basketball players

Murat Bekleyis Apaydin — 2023-10-27

This study was conducted to determine the effects of fartlek training on running distance and maximal oxygen consumption capacity (VO₂ max) in female basketball players. There were 21 participants in the experimental group (N:12, mean age:14.83 years) and control group (N:9, mean age:14.83years). In this practice, a two-group pretest-posttest model was used. In this study, the experimental group performed running exercises using the Fartlek method on hilly terrain for 8 weeks, while the control group performed aerobic training on flat terrain. In addition to measurements of body weight (BW), height, and body mass index (BMI), athletes underwent measurements of the Balke treadmill test and VO₂max. SPSS 22 program was used for statistical analysis and G*Power program was used for sample size determination. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 18 participants would be sufficient. It was found that the data given in the study did not show the normal distribution and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used in the pre-test and post-test comparison and the Mann Whitney-U test was used in the comparison of the averages of two different groups. As a result of the measurements, it was found that running distance and maximum oxygen consumption capacity (VO₂max) in the experimental group were significantly in favour of the posttest, while body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) in the control group showed a significant decrease after the posttest compared to pretest values (p<0.005). At the end of the study, it was concluded that fartlek exercises led to a significant increase in running distance and (VO₂ max) measurements and had a positive effect on endurance parameters in female basketball players.

The effect of mouth caffeine rinsing on short-distance freestyle swimming performance

Geylan Bostan — 2023-10-27

This study aims to investigate the effects of oral caffeine rinsing on short-distance freestyle swimming performance. The research group consists of 48 male swimmers with at least 10 years of training experience (age: 20 ± 2 years, height: 178 ± 4 cm, body weight: 75 ± 5 kg, BMI: 22 ± 2 kg/m²). A double-blind, crossover design was employed, where participants were given either a 25 mL solution containing 3% caffeine or a placebo (water). Performance was measured using FINA-approved Swiss Timing systems. The normal distribution of quantitative variables was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and individual measurement variations were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. In the study, results with a p-value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The findings indicate that oral caffeine rinsing significantly improved average swimming times for both 25m (Average=16.546 seconds) and 50m (Average=32.455 seconds) distances compared to the placebo condition (Average=16.789 seconds and 32.902 seconds). The results obtained from this research suggest that oral caffeine rinsing could be an effective aid in enhancing short-distance freestyle performance.

Investigation of the relationship between social appearance concerns and negative assessment fear levels in university students

Hakan Akdeniz — 2023-10-27

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between students’ social appearance anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. The population of the research consists of 3038 students studying at Kocaeli University, Faculty of Physical Education and Faculty of Fine Arts, and the sample consists of 894 students, 524 males and 370 females, who participated voluntarily. To obtain the data in the study, the "Social Appearance Anxiety Scale SGKS" and the "Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale" (ADKS) were used. During the data analysis process, frequency analysis was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants, skewness and kurtosis values were used to determine whether the data were normally distributed, correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales, and regression analysis was used to measure the effect of the variables. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between social appearance anxiety and fear of negative evaluation scales (p<0.05). When the results of the analysis were examined, it was found that students’ social appearance anxiety had an impact on their fear of negative evaluation scores. (F=203.435; p<0.01). Therefore, students experience anxiety when they have a negative perception of their social appearance, which can affect their social relationships.

Examining the recreation awareness and mental well-being levels of university students

Mehmet Bilgin Karademir — 2023-10-27

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between recreational awareness and mental well-being levels of university students. The data obtained in this study, in which recreational awareness and mental well-being scales were used, were analyzed with SPSS 26 program. In this context, it was determined that the data were suitable for normal distribution and independent sample t test was used in pairwise comparisons and analysis of variance was used in the comparison of more than two groups. In cases where significant differences were found in the analysis of variance, Bonferroni test was used. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between recreational awareness and mental well-being. As a result of this research conducted with 220 university students studying in the departments of tourism animation and tourism management at Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry Vocational School of Tourism, it was determined that as the recreational awareness levels of the students increased, their mental well-being levels also increased.

A stepwise regression analysis on the effects of imagery and emotion regulation on courage level in athletes

Yunus Emre Yarayan — 2023-10-27

The aim of this study is to determine the role of imagery and emotion regulation on the courage levels of athletes who continue their sports life as licensed in different sports branches. In line with this scope, a total of 609 athletes, 286 female and 383 male, participated in the study voluntarily. The research was designed with relational survey model. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, missing data and extreme data analyses were performed first. Then, skewness and kurtosis values were examined for normality assumptions and it was determined that the distribution was normal. Accordingly, Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables and Stepwise Regression analysis was used to determine the power of the independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. When the findings obtained within the scope of the research are examined, the analysis regarding the effect of imagery, cognitive reappraisal and suppression factors on the level of courage was completed in one stage. While cognitive reappraisal and suppression did not significantly affect the level of courage, imagery significantly affected the level of courage and contributed approximately 17% of the variance. In addition, the positive relationship between imagery and courage level shows that these two will increase linearly.

Investigation of attitudes towards their branches and sport orientation of different types of competitive

Suat Aybek — 2023-10-27

The aim of the study is to investigate the attitudes and sport orientations of martial artists in different sectors in relation to gender, age, education level and sport experience. In this sense, the Attitudes Towards Challenge Sports and Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale” was used as a data collection tool in the study. The study group consisted of a total of 310 active athletes, 236 male and 74 female athletes who actively participated in competitions. SPSS 28.0 program was used for data analysis. The t-test for independent samples and the ANOVA -test were used to compare the variables. According to the results of the study, no significance was found in the gender variable in the attitude of martial artists towards their branches. However, a statistically significant difference was found in the dimension of “respect for rules and management” according to the gender variable. In the sub-dimension “Respect for the opponent”, significance was found in favor of female athletes. In the “sub-dimension “Ambition” of athletes in different age groups, a significant value was found between age groups. In this context, the present results show that there are significant differences between athletes of different age groups in some subdimensions. While significant differences were found between age groups in the sub-dimensions of “ambition” and “respect for opponent”, there were no significant differences between age groups in other sub-dimensions. These results suggest that age may have an influence on the characteristics of athletes’ sportsmanship orientation. At the same time, although it was found that different levels of education could affect athletes’ attitudes toward martial arts, it was also clear that there were differences among different levels of education on the subdimensions of “sportsmanship orientation.”

Examining the attitudes of university students towards the disabled

Izzet Islamoğlu — 2023-10-27

The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of university students towards people with disabilities. The sample of the study consisted of 300 students studying in the Faculty of Sport Sciences and the Faculty of Education. “The Attitude Scale Towards Disabled People” was used to collect data in the study. According to the gender status of the students, a significant difference was found in the attitude towards disabled people in the sub-dimensions of educational environment, interpersonal relationships, work life, personal characteristics and competence independent living (p<0.05). According to the educational variable of the students’ mother and father, a significant difference was found in the attitude towards disabled people in the sub-dimensions of educational environment, interpersonal relations, working life, personal characteristics and competence independent living (p<0.05). According to the income status variable of the students, a significant difference was found in the attitude towards disabled people in the sub-dimensions of educational environment, interpersonal relations, work life, personal characteristics and competence independent living (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of family life and personal characteristics (p>0.05). As a result, it was found that students’ attitudes towards disabled people were positive according to gender, monthly income, and educational level of mother and father. Although there was no significant difference in the attitude of students towards disabled people in terms of being disabled and study class, it can be said that the attitude is numerically positive. It is believed that disabled people should be more involved and active in society to improve the perception of disability in society.

Examination of optimal performance mood status in sedentary women according to certain variables

Orhan Ahmet Sener — 2023-10-27

This study investigates the Optimal Performance Mood State in sedentary women according to their behavioral change stages, perception of their health and appearance, and menstrual status. 774 sedentary women participated in the study. One-way analysis of variance was performed in statistical procedures. According to the behavioral change stages, a statistically significant change was found in the dimensions of task difficulty, awareness in action, clear goals, secondary notification, focus on the task, sense of control, transformation of time and experience of achieving the goal, and decrease in awareness subscales in optimal performance emotional state (p<0.001). When comparing the optimal performance mood and sub-dimension averages of sedentary women according to the “your health” variable, a statistically significant difference was found in all dimensions (p<0.05 and p<0.001). When comparing the optimal performance mood and sub-dimension averages of sedentary women according to the variable of your physical image relative to yourself, a statistically significant difference was found in all dimensions except decreased awareness (p<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that Optimal Performance Mood in sedentary women varies according to the stages of behavioral change and their perception of their health and appearance. As the exercise status of sedentary women increases, their optimal performance mood improves positively as they perceive their health as good and accept their appearance as good. Women should be encouraged to do sports regularly to improve their optimal performance mood, receive psychological support to perceive their health as good and encourage their desire to look beautiful. It may also be recommended that women receive support for regular menstruation to increase their optimal performance mood.

Comparison of cultural, social, and emotional intelligence in individual sports and team sports

Gulsen Tosun Tunc — 2023-10-27

The study was to conducted social, cultural, and emotional intelligence of team and individual athletes. The study group comprised 312 active athletes (94 women and 218 men). We collected data using the personal information form, emotional intelligence scale, Tromsø social intelligence scale, and cultural intelligence scale. Our study found no significant differences in emotional intelligence or its sub-dimensions between team and individual athletes (p>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in social intelligence (p>0.05). The cultural intelligence was also not significantly different between the team and individual athletes (p>0.05). These findings suggest that sport type does not significantly affect social, emotional, or cultural intelligence. Although studies have shown the positive effects of sports on people, our findings suggest no difference in intelligence types. This means that encouraging participation in sports is essential for all individuals, regardless of their athletic abilities.

Monitoring the psychological and physiological effects of 320k Sochi-Giresun marathon elite open water master swimming event

Kubilay Cimen — 2023-10-27

This study aims to investigate the psychophysiological responses of master swimmers from beginning to end of the Sochi-Giresun 320 km open water swimming event. Candidate swimmers were evaluated according to several criteria which are national and international competition experience, the ability to swim an average of 1 km in hour, experience in night swimming, and sports background. Selected from a total of 48 candidates from Turkey, Russia, and Germany, the group of 15 athletes comprises a balanced gender distribution, with 9 males and 3 females. Additionally, 3 reserve athletes were also identified. Participants were subjected of various assessments, including a personal information form, blood lactate sample, VAS scales and IZOF measurements. The research procedure involved VAS, IZOF and blood lactate measurements before swimming, transferring to the water according to their swimming order, commencing swimming upon the referee’s command, recording time and distance with GPS location, transferring to the ship after swimming round, collecting after swim VAS, IZOF, and blood lactate samples. Research findings revealed some psychological differences between nighttime and daytime open-water swimming results. Male swimmers exhibited higher levels of perceived stress level and perceived difficulty level. Factors negatively affecting performance included post-swim blood lactate levels, perceived fatigue, the difficulty of the swimming round, and perceived stress levels. These results indicate that athletes’ psychological states can vary individually and have complex effects on performance. The lower levels of stress and fatigue among athletes might be related with their participation in national and international competitions, relatively higher average age, and consequently elevated levels of performance and psychological maturity.

Organizational innovation and creativity perception of public sports organization employees in Turkey

Nuh Osman Yildiz — 2023-10-27

Globalization in today's business world brings different problems for every sector and every institution. The solution to these problems will only be possible by offering innovative and creative solutions. Self-development of innovative individuals will also take place through the support provided by their organizations. This situation makes it important to investigate whether there is an innovative and creative working climate provided by the organization in terms of innovation and creativity of the employees. This is also true for the employees of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Turkey, which is the public institution and organization that directs the sports sector, which is one of the world's major economies, on a country basis. In this context, this study aims to examine the innovation and creativity perceptions of the employees of the central and provincial organizations of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The study was designed according to the correlational survey model and causal-comparative research in quantitative research methods. The study group was determined according to the convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-random sampling methods. The working group comprised of 424 Ministry of Youth and Sports central and provincial employees. In the study, the “Innovation Climate Scale” was used as a data collection tool. In the analysis of the obtained data, parametric tests were used after the normality examination. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the innovativeness perceptions of the employees of the central and provincial organizations of the Ministry of Youth and Sports are above the average. In conclusion, it can be stated that the employees of the central and provincial organizations of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Turkey work in an innovative and creative organizational environment.

Vestibular sensory-based motor skill problems in autism spectrum disorder and exercise recommendations

Ekrem Akbuga — 2023-10-27

This study was designed to determine the common vestibular sensory-based motor skill problems in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the reactive behaviors caused by these problems and to create exercise recommendations targeting vestibular regulation. There is a mutual interaction between the vestibular system and the nervous system. In other words, while problems in the vestibular sense negatively affect cognitive processes, similarly, disorders/differences in the nervous system can have negative effects on the vestibular sense and negatively affect a number of developmental areas ranging from balance-oriented motor skills to cognitive and behavioral skills. Autism spectrum disorder is one of the neuro-developmental disorders in which there are negative effects on vestibular sensation caused by structural or functional impairment in the nervous system. Problems in the functioning of the vestibular system associated with ASD can lead to hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity responses to movements. These behaviors can cause significant problems in demonstrating the motor coordination needed in individuals' daily lives. As a result, problems in the vestibular system can lead to problems with motor learning, perceptual motor skills and learning. This sheds light on the basis of some of the problems seen in disorders of neurobiological origin (autism, etc.). Vestibular stimulus (regulation) exercise recommendations have been created for problems related to vestibular sensory integration.

The historical journey of recreation research: A bibliometric study (1955-2022)

Nese Genç — 2023-10-27

The notion of recreation is broad and intertwined with many fields. According to the bibliometric analysis method, the study's goal is to examine studies in the international literature in which recreation and other areas related to recreation (health, environment, education, sports, tourism, game, culture, economy, art, and landscape architecture) are used together. On February 4, 2023, 51,235 studies from 1955 to 2022 were analyzed and categorized in terms of bibliometric indicators in the Scopus database, with the limitation of title, abstract, and keywords. "Co-authorship" and "co-existence" analyses were performed in the "VOSviewer" software to perform the bibliometric analysis and visualize the data. According to the bibliographic analysis, the most studies on the subject are in the field of recreation and health (13,696), recreation and tourism studies have increased in recent years, but recreation and game studies have decreased significantly. Most studies on the subject were published in the field of recreation and health in 2022 (752), and the "Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport" magazine included the most studies in the fields of health, environment, and sports. Upon examination of the network map, it was found that the most frequently utilized keyword was "physical activity."It is believed that the study will outline a roadmap for future research endeavors.

Bibliometric analysis of physical activity studies in Web of Science database with Vosviewer

Melek Guler — 2023-10-27

In this research, it is purposed to present articles about physical activity in the category of sports sciences in the Web of Science (WOS) database in detail by bibliometric analysis. The WOS database was used as a data collection tool in the research. In WOS, the keyword 'physical activity' was used as a search criterion, and no limitation was set for the publication year. Research articles in the category of 'Sports Sciences' and indexed publications in the review were consisted in the research. 16,736 articles meeting the search criteria were found. Retrieved articles were analyzed with the VOSviewer (1.6.19) bibliometric analysis program. The results of bibliometric analysis were obtained in the most used keywords, the most cited author, publication and country, co-authorship, and co-citation categories. According to the results, it was determined that the first 5 keywords used the most were physical activity, exercise, rehabilitation, aging, and physical education, and the most publications were made in 2019 (N: 1573). It was seen that the author with the topmost of publications was Ryan Rhodes (N:58), and the most cited author was James F. Sallis (N:10.665). It was determined that the journal with the most publications was 'The Journal of Aging and Physical Activity' (N: 1431) and the most cited journal was 'Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise' (N: 64,404). While the most cited publication was Garber (2011), it was concluded that the most cited publication (N:5689) and the country with the highest citation (N:228,233) was the United States.

The reality of physical activity in aging

Zuhal Ayhan — 2023-10-27

While no amount of physical activity can stop the aging process, a moderate amount of regular exercise can minimize the physiological effects of a normally sedentary individual's lifestyle, limit the development and progression of chronic diseases and disability, and increase active life expectancy. Muscle strengthening, flexibility and aerobic exercises should be suitable for older individuals. In addition, individuals at risk for falls or movement disorders should also do special exercises to improve balance. The intensity and duration of physical activity should initially be low for people who are severely dehydrated and have chronic conditions that prevent them from performing basic physical activities. Furthermore, the intensity of the exercises should be individualized and adapted to the preferences of the elderly. Incorporating behavior change principles into the design and implementation of exercise and physical activity programs will increase the individual's likelihood of initiating and maintaining a regular exercise and/or physical activity program. Social policies should be planned to maintain the physical function and improve the general health of the elderly with chronic diseases and disability. All older people, with and without disabilities, should be encouraged to develop a personalized physical activity plan that meets their needs and personal preferences.

Examination of autonomy in Turkish sports federations from 2004 to 2024

Ozgun Parasiz — 2023-10-27

In Turkey, NSF are the only organizations responsible for the organization, management, and supervision of the sports branches. Therefore, it is great importance that SFs are structured and positioned correctly. At this point, the most correct form of structuring for NSFs is an autonomous structure completely free from political and economic pressures. In the research, it is aimed to evaluate the changes made in the relevant laws and regulations since 2004, within the framework of the basic requirements of autonomy in the international and national context. For this purpose, the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The elevant texts and articles since 2004 were examined and evaluated within the framework of the basic criteria of autonomy The data obtained was examined using the thematic compilation pattern, one of the descriptive analysis methods. According to the research findings, the autonomy NSFs has been weakened through the structure of the Arbitration Board, the removal of the authority to determine the criteria for presidential candidacy, the number of delegates that the GDS has in the General Assemblies of the Federation. As a result, it can be said that the autonomy of NSFs has been gradually weakened and they have become more dependent on politics.

More leisure less work: 4-day workweek

Ahmet Tarik Erguven — 2023-10-27

Since 1900, working hours have been systematically decreasing. Reducing working hours, increasing public holidays and granting various social rights to employees are obligations according to the universal declaration of human rights. However, when we look at the studies conducted in recent years, it has been seen that individuals who have more free time and use this time by participating in social, sports and cultural recreational activities contribute more to the institutions they work for. In this context, many public and private organizations in our country and around the world are carrying out various studies to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the 4-day working system. The purpose of this study is to examine the free time that the 4-day working system provides to the individual and what kind of gains this time provides to the individual in both recreational and sports terms by systematic data scanning. When the results obtained are evaluated. It is seen that the 4-day working system allows the participants to be more social in terms of free time, and that most individuals who have more free time experience positive developments in both their social and psychological well-being, and in terms of workplace performance, an increase in work efficiency is observed. Although this practice provides positive feedback for both individuals and employers in most sectors, it should be known that this practice cannot be applied in every sector (service, health, tourism, etc.).

Physical fitness in windsurfing

Meric Odemis — 2023-10-27

Windsurfing is one of the recreactive and competitive water sports. Especially in recent years, the performance values of surfers have gained importance due to its increasing popularity and becoming an Olympic sport. It is very important for windsurfers who are competitors to perform well especially in terms of strength and endurance parameters during the competition. In addition, other physical fitness components also play a key role in achieving a good performance and elite level. When the components that should be considered in the creation of training strategies for surfers in terms of physical fitness parameters are evaluated; knowing the physical fitness requirements for the sport and making a plan accordingly will contribute to the performance of the athletes. Considering this rationale, this study includes information about the physical fitness components required by windsurfing. In addition, performing the performance tests mentioned in the study before, during and after the competition season will help to have information about the performance status of windsurfers.