Relationship between anthropometric and motor characteristics and swimming performance over 400 meters freestyle in young swimmers
Abstract views: 157 / PDF downloads: 117
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12600274Keywords:
Anthropometric, motor performance, swimming, boysAbstract
This study analyzes the effects of anthropometric and motor characteristics on the swimming performance of male swimmers aged 12-15 years. The aim of the study was to measure participants’ shoulder width, grip strength, flexibility and aerobic endurance and to investigate the correlation of these data with swimming times over 400 meters freestyle. The study focuses on two age groups (12-13 and 14-15) and identifies the factors that influence performance in the different age groups. The anthropometric and motor characteristics of the participants were measured using a Tanita BC 418 bioelectrical impedance device and the data obtained were analyzed by a simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that shoulder width, hand grip strength, flexibility and aerobic endurance significantly affected performance in the 12-13 age group (p<0.05), while body weight, upper body length, muscle strength, flexibility and aerobic endurance more significantly affected performance in the 14-15 age group (p<0.05). The results of the study highlight that the characteristics that influence young swimmers’ performance differ between age groups and therefore require group-specific and personalized training programs. These results provide important information for coaches and sports scientists to improve swimming performance.
References
Ameti, V., Ganiu, F., Ibrahimi, A., Kica, H., & Memishi, S. (2021). Characterıstıcs of morphologıcal and motorıc parameters in the short-dıstance dıscıplınes of the young swımmers. Sport & Health-International Journal of Sport & Health, 8(15), 92.
Arslan, Y., Yavaşoğlu, B., Beykumül, A., Pekel, A. Ö., Suveren, C., Karabulut, E. O., ... et al. (2024). The effect of 10 weeks of karate training on the development of motor skills in children who are new to karate. Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1347403.
Barbieri, D., Zaccagni, L., Cogo, A., & Gualdi-Russo, E. (2012) Body composition and somatotype of experienced mountain climbers. High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 13(1), 46-50.
Beattie, K., Kenny, I. C., Lyons, M., & Carson, B. P. (2014). The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes. Sports Medicine, 44, 845-865.
Bond, D., Goodson, L., Oxford, S. W., Nevill, A. M., & Duncan, M. J. (2014). The association between anthropometric variables, functional movement screen scores and 100 m freestyle swimming performance in youth swimmers. Sports, 3(1), 1-11.
Bozdoğan, A. & Özüak, A. (2003). Basic swimming in all its styles. İlpress Printing and Publishing.
Dal, A. M. (2011). The effect of 12 weeks of regular swimming exercises on anthropometric, spirometric and cardiovascular fitness values in 11-12 year old girls [Master’s Thesis, Eskişehir Osmangazi University].
Demirkan, E., Can, S., Özkadı, T., & Alagöz, İ. (2019). Fifty-meter swimming performance in young swimmers: the effect of anthropometric and motoric values on performance, Medicina dello Sport, 72(4), 488-497.
Demirkan, E., Özkadı, T., Alagöz, İ., Çağlar, E. Ç., & Çamiçi, F. (2023). Age-related physical and performance changes in young swimmers: The comparison of predictive models in 50-meter swimming performance. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 15(2), 4.
FINA, Olympic Games Tokyo, https://www.worldaquatics.com/competitions/5/olympic-games-tokyo-2020/results? Access date:10.10.2023
Fiori, J. M., Bandeira, P. F. R., Zacca, R., & Castro, F. A. D. S. (2022). The impact of a swimming training season on anthropometrics, maturation, and kinematics in 12-year-old and under age-group swimmers: A network analysis. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 799690.
Geladas, N. D., Nassis, G. P., & Pavlicevic, S. (2005). Somatic and physical traits affecting sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 139-144.
Güler, Ç. G. (2000). 9-18 the relationship between joint range of motion and anthropometric parameters’ and swimming performance in age-group competitive swimmers and the organization of a new flexibility program based on this. [Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University].
Hall, D., James, D., & Marsden, N. (2012). Marginal gains: Olympic lessons in high performance for organisations. HR Bulletin: Research and Practice, 7(2), 9-13.
Hue, O., Galy, O., Blonc, S., & Hertogh, C. (2005). Anthropometrical and physiological determinants of performance in French West Indian monofin swimmers: a first approach. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(8), 605-609.
İnan, Ş., & Saygın, Ö. (2019). Genç yüzücülerde antropometrik, fizyolojik ve fiziksel özelliklerin müsabaka performansına etkisinin araştırılması. Uluslararası Spor, Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 5(4), 183-191.
Ingham, S. A. Fudge, B. W. Pringle, J. S., & Jones, A. M. (2013) Improvement of 800-m running performance with prior high-intensity exercise. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(1), 77-83.
Kachaunov, M. & Petrov, L. (2020). Upper body anaerobic power and free swimming performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 20(4), 1957-1963.
Kalva-Filho, C. A., Campos, E. Z., Andrade, V. L., Silva, A. S. R., Zagatto, A. M., Lima, M. C. S., … et al. (2015). Relationship of aerobic and anaerobic parameters with 400 m front crawl swimming performance. Biology of Sport, 32(4), 333-337.
Karpiński, J., Rejdych, W., Brzozowska, D., Gołaś, A., Sadowski, W., Swinarew, A. S., … et al. (2020). The effects of a 6-week core exercises on swimming performance of national level swimmers. PloS One, 15(8), e0227394.
Klika, R. J. & Thorland, W. G. (1994). Physiological determinants of sprint swimming performance in children and young adults. Pediatric Exercise Science, 6(1), 59–68.
Küçük, H., & Söyler, M. (2024). Body composition, anaerobic power, lower extremity strength in football players: Acute effect on different leagues. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 10(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1417918
Lätt, E. Jürimäe, J., Haljaste, K. Cicchella, A. Purge, P., & Jürimäe, T. (2009). Physical development and swimming performance during biological maturation in young female swimmers. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(1), 117-122.
Lima-Borges, D. S., Portilho, N. O., Araujo, D. S., Ravagnani, C. F. C., & Almeida, J. A. (2022). Anthropometry and physical performance in swimmers of different styles. Science & Sports, 37(7), 542-551.
Lobato, C. H., de Lima Rocha, M., Almeida-Neto, P. F., & de Araújo Tinôco Cabral, B. G. (2023). Influence of advancing biological maturation in months on muscle power and sport performance in young swimming athletes. Sport Sciences for Health, 19(2), 487-494.
Maglischo, E. W. (2012). Swimming even faster. Human Kinetics.
Malina, R. M., & Beunen, G. (2008). Growth and maturation: methods of monitoring. The Young Athlete.
Malina, R. M., & Bouchard, C. (1991). Growth maturation and physical activity. Human Kinetics Books.
Marinho, D. A., Neiva, H. P., Branquinho, L., & Ferraz, R. (2021). Determinants of sports performance in young national level swimmers: A correlational study between anthropometric variables, muscle strength, and performance. Sport Mont, 19(3), 75-82.
Marinho, D. A., Neiva, H. P., Branquinho, L., & Ferraz, R. (2021). Anthropometric characterization and muscle strength parameters in young female swimmers at national level: The relationship with performance in the 50m freestyle. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 295-306.
Miller, D.K. (2006). Measurement by the Physical Educator Why and How. McGraw-Hill,
Millet, G. P., Chollet, D., Chalies, S., & Chatard, J. C. (2002). Coordination in front crawl in elite triathletes and elite swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(02), 99-104.
Mitchell, L. J., Rattray, B., Saunders, P. U., & Pyne, D. B. (2018). The relationship between talent identification testing parameters and performance in elite junior swimmers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(12), 1281-1285.
Morais, J. E., Barbosa, T. M., Forte, P., Silva, A. J., & Marinho, D. A. (2021). Young swimmers’ anthropometrics, biomechanics, energetics, and efficiency as underlying performance factors: A systematic narrative review. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 691919.
Morais, J. E., Jesus, S., Lopes, V., Garrido, N., Silva, A., Marinho, D., & Barbosa, T. M. (2012). Linking selected kinematic, anthropometric and hydrodynamic variables to young swimmer performance. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24(4), 649-664.
Morais, J. E., Silva, A. J., Marinho, D. A., Lopes, V. P., & Barbosa, T. M. (2017). Determinant factors of long-term performance development in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(2), 198-205.
Muratlı, S. (1997). Children and sports. Bağırgan Publishing House.
Nasirzade, A., Sadeghi, A., Sobhkhiz, A., Mohammadian, K., Nikouei, A., Baghaiyan, M., ... et al. (2015). Multivariate analysis of 200-m front crawl swimming performance in young male swimmers. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 17(3), 137-143.
Nikšić, E., Beganović, E., Joksimović, M. & Mušović, A. (2020) The Effect of balance and flexibility on freestyle swimming performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Research, 12(2), 59-65.
Özkadı, T., Demirkan, E., Can, S., Alagöz, I., & Demir, E. (2022). Contribution of Motor and anthropometric components to the fifty-meter four swimming styles: Model approaches. Science & Sports, 37(4), 316-e1.
Peters, M. S., Berry, S., & Koley, S. (2014). Relationship of physical characteristics, power and swimming time in sprint swimmers. Annals of Biological Research, 5(8), 24-29.
Reichmuth, D., Olstad, B. H., & Born, D. P. (2021). Key performance indicators related to strength, endurance, flexibility, anthropometrics, and swimming performance for competitive aquatic lifesaving. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3454.
Ribeiro, F. A., de Carvalho, C. D., Andreossi, J. C., Miranda, D. R. M., & Papoti, M. (2023). Effects of training and taper on neuromuscular fatigue profile on 100-m swimming performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(5), 329-335.
Rozi, G., Thanopoulos, V., Geladas, N., Soultanaki, E., & Dopsaj, M. (2018). Anthropometric characteristics and physiological responses of high level swimmers and performance in 100 m freestyle swimming 1. Movement & Sport Sciences-Science & Motricité, 3, 3-7.
Seffrin, A., Nikolaidis, P. T., Knechtle, B., & Andrade, M. S. (2021). Age-related performance determinants of young swimmers in 100-and 400-m events. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 62(1), 9-18.
Şentürk, A. (2018). Investigation of physical and physiological factors affected by swimming economy in age group swimmers [Master’s Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University].
Strzała, M., Stanula, A., Krężałek, P., Rejdych, W., Karpiński, J., Maciejczyk, M., & Radecki-Pawlik, A. (2021). Specific and Holistic Predictors of Sprint Front Crawl Swimming Performance. Journal of Human Kinetics, 78(1), 197-207.
Tabaki, M., Rozi, G., & Thanopoulos, V. (2016). Differences in morphological characteristics between swimmers and fin swimmers. Journal Academica, 6(4), 242-252.
Willems, T. M., Cornelis, J. A., De Deurwaerder, L. E., Roelandt, F., & De Mits, S. (2014). The effect of ankle muscle strength and flexibility on dolphin kick performance in competitive swimmers. Human movement science, 36, 167-176.
Yarar, H., Barug, D., Bostan, A., Kaya, A., & Aydin, E. M. (2021). Influence of physical and anthropometric properties on sprint swimming performance. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(2), 814-8.
Zampagni, M. L., Casino, D., Benelli, P., Visani, A., Marcacci, M., & De Vito, G. (2008). Anthropometric and strength variables to predict freestyle performance times in elite master swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1298-1307.
Zamparo, P. (2006). Effects of age and gender on the propelling efficiency of the arm stroke. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 97(1), 52.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.